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Pharmacology Exam 2

TermDefinition
OMEPRAZOLE (prilosec) Used to treat peptic ulcers resulting from H.pylori, GERD, erosive esophagitis, and chronic hypersecretory conditions
RANITIDINE (zantac) Used for GERD, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, pathologic hypersecretoy conditions; to prevent upper GI bleed; and for heartburn and acid ingestion
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE (maalox,mylanta) Treats hyperacidity and its symptoms in GERD and peptic ulcers; prevents stress ulcer bleeding
METOCLOPRAMIDE (reglan) Used as a GI stimulant in diabetic gastric stasis, and GERD; as an antiemetic postsurgery and with chemotherapy for cancer
ONDASETRON (zofran) Used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiation and certain postoperative states
SIMETHICONE (mylicon) Relieves the pain of excessive gas in GI tract; antifoaming action changes surface tension of gas bubbles, causing them to coalece and pass more easily
DIPHENOXYLATE HCL W/ ATROPINE SULFATE (lomotil,lonox) Used to treat diarrhea not responsive to symptomatic and supportive treatment
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE (milk of magnesia) Laxative for short-term use. Works by pulling H2O into the bowel by distending it and promoting peristalsis
Saline Laxatives Pull H2O into colon, works quickly
Hyperosmotic Laxatives Pulls H2O into colon, decreases blood ammonia levels
Stimulant Laxatives Stimulates intestinal mucosa/nerve plexus > Increase peristalsis > alters H2O and electrolyte secretionse
Bulk Laxatives Fiber attracts H2O, increases bulk
Stool Softeners Detergent activity and adds fat and H20 to stool
Emollient Laxatives Lubricates intestine preventing colonic absorption of fluid. Coats stool and helps soften by retaining H2O
Bowel Evacuants Bowel cleaning to prep for surgery and/or GI exam
PENICILLIN G Used for infections caused by Gram + bacteria, anaerobes and spirochetes. Also used as prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis
CEFAZOLIN Used for infections caused by gram + bacteria, anaerobes, and spirochetes. Also used as prophylaxis in ptns having GI or GU surgery.
VANCOMYCIN Used for serious gram + infections, esp. C.diff and MRSA
GENTAMICIN Used for serious Gram - infections
CLINDAMICIN Used for serious infections caused by Gram + cocci and both Gram - and + anaerobes
ERYTHROMYCIN Used for infections caused by Gram + organisms. Less effective on Gram - organisms.
LINEZOLID Used for infections caused by VRE, MRSA, Penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pnumoniae
QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN Used for VRE and for complicated skin and skin structure infections due to S.aureus
CIPROFLAXACIN Used for infections caused by aerobic Gram - organisms
DAPTOMYCIN Used for serious anaerobic Gram + complicated skin and skin structure infections d/t E faecalis, MRSA, many Streptoccal organisms
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE-TRIMETHOPRIM (SMZ-TMP) Used for UTI, prophylaxis and treatment of
PHENAZOPYRIDINE Used to relieve symptoms of UTI
ISONIAZID (INH) Used for prophylaxis and management of TB and for other susceptible mycobacterial infections
RIFAMPIN Used to manage acute TB and leprosy; also used to manage other mycobacterial infections
AMPHOTERICIN B Used for severe systemic fungal or protozoal infections
FLUCONAZOLE Used to treat candidiasis and prophylaxis for fungal diseases in immunocompromised ptns
ACYCLOVIR Used for management of herpes virus
OSELTAMIVIR Used to manage infection with influenza A or B virus
TETRACYCLINE Used for M.pneumoniae, chlamydia, and acne
CHLORAMPHENICOL Used for serious Gram + and - infections esp. brain abscesses or meningitis.
Created by: serenity5234
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