Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
LM Neuropsyc
Memory Lecture Nine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Memory is represented by a change in the shape of the postsynaptic ______ (where synaptic input is received_ | spine |
| How are learning and memory related? | Learning is the process of acquiring new information and memory refers to the persistence of learning (retaining information) |
| Memory impairment is often referred to as _____, which may reflect a deficit in remembering the past or a deficit in forming new memories | amnesia |
| What are the three stages of memory? | Ecoding, storage and retreival |
| What stage of memory is this? creates and maintains "permanent" record of the information encoded | Storage |
| What stage of memory is this? processing of incoming information to be stored where there is both aquisition and consolidation | Encoding |
| Is this aquisition of consolidation (as part of encoding? when they register the inputs | Aquisition |
| What is consolidation (as part of encoding)? | when you create stronger representations over time for info |
| What stage of memory is this? Utilizes stored informations | Retreival |
| A lady can't say the name of objects based on visual input but can with tactile or olfactory input. What does she have? | Visual object agnosia |
| With visual object agnosia, is the region of the brain that stores info about objects intact or not intact? | It is intact but retrieval is impaired when the objects is presented visually |
| People with visual object agnosia have a s_________ retrieval problem. | selective |
| How can we test for STM? | Verbal memory test: digit span test or Spatial memory test; Corsi Block test |
| What are the two types of LTM? | Declarative and Procedural memory |
| What is declarative memory? | Factual information (what you were doing when president died, what your children's names are) |
| What is procedural memory? | ability to do procedures previously learned (tying shoes, swimming) |
| Describe the Digit span test: | A sequence of single digits are presented and participants have to recall it., After correctly recalling each one, a digit is added to the sequence. If the response is wrong the same sequence length is repeated. |
| On average what is people's digit span? | 7 |
| In neurologically healthy patients after what number do the sequences have to be repeatedly shown? | 7 |
| What is the difference between neurologically healthy people and people with amnesic with their digit span? | Those with amnesic have a steeper slope (the require the sequences to be repeated sooner) so have smaller digit span than healthy people |
| Describe the Corsi Block test to test for STM | You are presented with a number of identical blocks and each will be pointed to one at a time in a random order and you have to remember the order in which they were pointed to. If you repeated sequence correctly a block is added |
| What type of amnesia is this? Loss of memories from a period of time before the brain injury | Retrograde amnesia |
| What type of memory is this? Deficit in forming new memories after the brain injury - both STM and LTM | Anterograde amnesia |
| NA gained brain injury from what? | A fencing foil/rod going through his right nostril, upwards toward the left |
| What happened two weeks after NA's rod injury? | He had exploratory surgery causing additional damage |
| What resulted form NA's brain damage? | He got severe memory impairment especially with verbal memory. His intelligence was preserved |
| NA had damage to the __________ bodies | mammiliary |
| There is an anatomical and functional link between the mammillary bodies and what structure? | The hippocampi and so it makes sense that damage to mammillary bodies effects memory |
| What type of memory loss does NA have? | Anterograde amnesia - long term declarative memories |
| is NA still able to perform long procedural memory? | Yes, can still learn new skills |
| When asked to name some contemporary actors NA cannot. He can only name actors from when? | Period before his accident |
| NA also has a couple of years of retrograde amnesia. Is this normal? | Yes |
| So state "spared" or "disrupted" to the following for NA: "Short term memory", Long term procedural memory" and long term declarative memory" | Spared, spared, disrupted (anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia for about 2 years) |
| NA's selective impairment for long-term memory in the absence of short-term memory deficits suggests that the neural substrates underlying long-term memory are....? | distinct from those underlying short-term memory |
| NA tells us that STM is subserved by distinct neural pathways or parts of the brain because he has intact _____ but impaired ___ and that the LTM is grouped into declarative and procedural memory because....? | STM, LTM, because he has impaired declarative memory. |
| What are the limitations of interpreting the causes of patient NAs impairments? | Because his damage involved lots of different brain structures so is difficult to know which region of brain damage is specific to memory impairment |
| HM had a surgery to stop epileptic seizures by removing what brain area? | his medial temporal lobes bilaterally (so anterior portion of hippocampus was removed bilaterally) |
| After HM's surgery what did he have? | Severe memory impairments while personality and intelligence was normal |
| Is the posterior portion of HMs hippocampus damaged? | No it is still intact, only the anterior portion was removed |
| Symptoms: given few words to member immediate recall is normal, but after 5 min no memory for being asked, can learn certain tasks, unable to learn new facts or recall new experiences, normal recall of events that occurred at least several years before. ? | Anterograde declarative amnesia |
| So state "spared" or "disrupted" to the following for HM: "Short term memory", Long term procedural memory" and long term declarative memory" | Spared, Spared, Disrupted |
| Patient EE had two seizures. After the second seizure what did neuroimaging reveal? | a tumour in the region of the left temporal-parieto-occipital junction |
| EE underwent surgery to remove the tumour and ended up with what impairment? | Short term memory impairment |
| State whether patient EE's performance on memory tests is spared or disrupted on the following: "digit span", "corsi block span", "long-term memory" | Impaired, normal, normal |
| Patient EE showed impairment in STM specific to....? | verbal material |
| Patient EE's spatial short term memory was normal but his ______ short term memory was not normal. Was his verbal and nonverbal long term memory normal? | verbal, yes |
| What does EE's performance tell us about memory? | That long term and short term memory have distinct neural substrates and that verbal and spatial STM have distinct neural substrates |
| What does HM's performance tell us about memory? | That long term and short term memory have distinct neural substrates and there is distinct declarative and procedural memory |
| Unlike NA what is an advantage of HM;s damage? | HM's damage is restricted to smaller area - medial temporal lobes, bilaterally allowing us to make direct association between his impairments and his damage that we could not make with NA |
| What is the blood supply artery that gives blood supply to the hippocampus? | The posterior cerebral artery |
| So if someone has stroke and then amnesia what blood supply artery has the stroke affected? | posterior cerebral artery |
Created by:
alicemcc33
Popular Psychology sets