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LM Neuropsyc
Frontal Lobe Function Lecture Seven
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is the Occipital Frontal Cortex? | Most anterior portion of frontal cortex just above the eyes |
| We also have a primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe. This is where the cell bodies of the neurons whose axons form the ______________ tract originate in. | corticospinal |
| The PMC is anterior or posterior to the central sulcus? And what gyrus is it within? | Anterior and the precentral gyrus (which is the most posterior gyrus in the frontal lobe) |
| If there is damage to the left hemisphere anterior cerebral artery what type of motor impairment will there be? | Toes, Ankle, Knee so lower right body motor impairment |
| In adults what is an indication that they have damage to their corticospinal tract? | Reermergence of the babinski sign |
| Where is the frontal eye field located? | Anterior to the precentral gyrus (in region of anterior motor strip) |
| What do patients with damage to the FEF do? | They make abnormally frequent reflexive eye movement towards contralesional targets (lack of control for reflexive eye movements) |
| How does damage to supplementary motor area affect behaviour? | You also see lack of control for movement in general but not lack of movement e.g.alien hand syndrome |
| What lobe is affected with people with Alzheimer's disease? And what is the outcome /symptom of this? | Frontal lobe, decline in cognitive function |
| What lobe is affected with people with Pick's disease? And what is the outcome/symptom of this? | Decline in socially appropriate behaviour |
| What is the similarity and difference between Alzheimer's and Pick's disease? | Both caused by damage to the frontal lobe but Alzheimer's is a decline in cognitive function and Pick's is a decline in socially appropriate behaviour |
| Over evolutionary years there has been an expansion in human _________ lobes. Compared to other species, humans can work towards a mental ___, plan what goals to focus on here and now and keep a number of ______ in mind | frontal, plan, goals |
| Read over and write out experiment by Dr Adrian to isolate function of planning and look at associated fMRI activity. What were the results? | That there is a specific area of the frontal lobe involved in planning (found bilateral activation in anterior frontal lobes |
| Just because a region of cortex activates during a specific task, does not mean that that area is necessary/makes an indispensable contribution to performing that task. This is because...? | Same area in other hemisphere could compensate or other areas in same hemisphere could compensate |
| Michael had shrapnel damage. What was the outcome from this? | Frontal lobe damage: He had difficulty keeping job & behaving appropriately in social situations, shows poor judgement(gambling task) & limited insight into condition,cant sustain relationship, cant work to longterm goal |
| What are the limitations with studying someone with shrapnel wounds? | You cant pinpoint a small area to certain deficit. The more focal the damage, the easier it is to attribute behavioural deficits to specific brain regions. |
| Describe the gambling task given to Michael: | Aim of task is to see what stage of the game he wants to stop. Cards are given in order so that he gets a big streak of success and then a big streak of losses. Most people would stop when they are winning but Michael doesn't. (bad judgment/risk taking) |
| Michael used ot have a high power job but now he is just a cleaner. Has hi damage effected his intelligence? | No, just his anterior frontal lobe capabilities |
| What type of impairment is the Foreign Accent syndrome related to? | Motor impairment |
| What is the other name for foreign accent syndrome? | Aphemia |
| What are the symptoms or aphemia/ foreign accent syndrome? | Effortful, poorly articulated speech or also described as severe apraxia speech articulatory apparatus without language disturbance. |
| Where is the damage for people with aphemia/foreign accent syndrome/apraxia without language disturbance? | Its a higher order problem and output end and usually caused by a small left frontal lesion restricted to Broca's area |
| In contrast to patients with Broca's aphasia, these people with aphemia have normal what? | normal written language |
| What is apraxia? | Loss of ability to execute complex coordinated movements that isn't due to muscular impairment,a primary motor deficit or language impairment.Instead reflects impaired higher order motor planning affecting complex movements of limbs involved in speech |
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alicemcc33
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