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Zumwalt Test 2
Geology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Moh | who put together hardness scale? |
| Archimedes | who figured out that a body in water is buoyed up by a force equal to the volume of water displaced? |
| Knife | man made object with a hardness of 5.5 |
| gravitational differentiation | heavies sink down, light float up |
| malleability | ability to deform without breaking |
| Eight | number of elements to make up 98% of earth's crust |
| Three | number of elements to make up 75% of earth's crust |
| Silica | second most common element in earth's crust |
| Oxides | class which contains corundum |
| Specific gravity | number of times a sample is as heavy as an equal volume of water |
| Phosphate | class of minerals which include human bone |
| hardness | ability to withstand scratching |
| mineral | natural solid with known structure and composition |
| mineraloid | classification of mercury |
| silicates | the most common class of minerals |
| effervescence | bubbling in response to dilute acid |
| flourite | number four on the hardness scale |
| taste | easiest way to differentiate halite |
| carbonates | class which makes up most animal skeletons |
| color | the least dependable visual characteristic |
| sulfates | class of minerals characterized by sulfur and oxygen |
| sulfides | the class to which pyrite belongs |
| luster | the way light bounces off a mineral |
| evaporates | class of minerals formed by evaporating water |
| apatite | mineral which makes up human bones |
| crystal | three dimensional expression of a mineral |
| oxygen | most common element in earth's crust |
| glass | man made object with a hardness of 6 |
| streak | trail of mineral left on porcelain plate |
| strato | cone composite of medium silica lava |
| columbia river | best example of a flood basalt |
| fissure | long crack vent which results in flood basalts |
| pillow basalts | eruptions under water |
| cinder | sand sized pyroclastics |
| krakatoa | largest volcanic eruption |
| water | cause of volcanic eruptions |
| ash | fine grained pyroclastics |
| soil | positive result of volcanic eruptions used by farmers |
| intrusion | placement of magma into overlying rocks |
| diamond | precious mineral formed in the throat of volcanoes |
| crater of the moon | site Idaho with good examples of volcanic features |
| splatter | type of high silica volcano |
| santorini | volcano which collapsed in a caldera |
| pluton | collective term for all landforms cooled beneath surface |
| extrusive | rocks or landforms formed on surface |
| volcanic | poor synonym for extrusive |
| nuee ardente | pyroclastic cloud with poisonous, explosive gasses |
| lappilli | gravel sized pyroclastics |
| lahar | violent mud slides caused by volcanic eruption |
| crater | hole at top of volcanoe |
| blocks | large cold pyroclastics |
| tsunamis | large open wave caused by volcanic eruptions |
| columnar basalt | shrinkage forms in basalt |
| vesuvius | volcano that erupted to envelope pompeii |
| bombs | large hot pyroclastic ejections |
| atlantis | myth accredited to the collapse of santorini |
| obsidian | volcanic glass |
| shield | volcano that results from low silica |
| igneous | all rock formed by cooling magma |
| lava tunnel | results from lava flowing out from under a cooled solid layer |
| magma chamber | hole underground where magma accumulates |
| flood basalt | low silica basalt from long crack |
| viscosity | changed by silicon content |
| pyroclastic | materials thrown into the sky by eruption |
| caldera | large holes caused by collapse of a volcano into magma chamber |
| throat | passage from magma chamber to vent |
| vent | hole through which magma pours out on surface |
| rhyolite | fine grained rock with quartz |
| aphanitic | fine grained |
| orthoclase | common felsic mineral |
| mafic | low silica, dark minerals |
| quartz | last mineral to form as magma cools |
| calcium plagioclase | first mineral to form as magma cools |
| differential crystallization | results in loss of elements from magma |
| shield | most common volcano formed by basalt |
| Bowen's Reaction Series | sequence which lists the order minerals form as magma cools |
| diorite | plagioclase rich coarse grained rock |
| phaneritic | coarse grained |
| peridotite | rock which makes up lithospheric plates |
| scoriaceous | many holes in extrusive rocks |
| batholith | largest pluton |
| vesicular | holes in extrusive rock |
| stato | volcanoes in oregon |
| dike | tabular body which cuts through previous rocks |
| ring dike | dike which goes around throat |
| gabbro | olivine, pyroxenes and amphibole coarse grained |
| xenolith | piece of country rock surrounded by phaneritic rock |
| radiating dike | dike which extends away from throat |
| felsic | composition with high silica with light minerals |
| insipient ridges | spreading ridge beneath continent |
| granitization | formation of igneous rocks away from magma |
| plume | cause of yellowstone intrusions and extrusions |
| pluton | collective term for all intrusive landforms |
| subduction zone | site of most intrusions |
| assimilation | taking minerals from country rocks into magma |
| andesite | plagioclase, fine grained igneous rock |
| komatite | extrusive with highest olivine content |
| cinder | most common volcano formed by rhyolite |
| pumice | lighter than water |
| laccollith | small pluton with concave surface |
| syntexis | alteration of magma |
| intrusive | cools below surface |
| obsidian | volcanic glass |
| sill | horizontal pluton |
| stock | cooled throat of volcano |
| olivine | first ferromagnesian mineral to form as magma cools |
| granite | quartz rich phaneritic rock |
| oxygen | most common element in earth's crust |
| silicon | second most common element in the earth's crust |
| aluminum | third most common element in earth's crust |
| oxygen, silicon, aluminum | which three elements make up over 75% of the earth's crust |
| oxygen, silicon, aluminum, sodium, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium | which eight elements make up over 95% of the crust |
| hexagonal porcelain plate | what do they use to get around impurities and scratch the mineral across? |
| vitreous | luster of a handful of glass |
| talc | Moh's hardness scale of 1 |
| gypsum | Moh's hardness scale of 2 |
| calcite | Moh's hardness scale of 3 |
| flourite | Moh's hardness scale of 4 |
| apatite | Moh's hardness scale of 5 |
| orthoclase | Moh's hardness scale of 6 |
| quartz | Moh's hardness scale of 7 |
| topaz | Moh's hardness scale of 8 |
| corundum | Moh's hardness scale of 9 |
| diamond | Moh's hardness scale of 10 |
| fingernails | Moh's hardness ~ 2.5 |
| average knife | Moh's hardness ~ 5.5 |
| glass | Moh's hardness scale of 6 |
| W|air/(W|air-W|water) | formula for specific gravity |
| specific gravity | weight of water displaced |
| 2.65 | specific gravity of quartz |
| round up | If you have a lighter material in a heavier one, you would.... |
| round down | If you have a heavier material in a lighter one, you would.... |
| pyrite | If the mineral is metallic, you compare it to... |
| quartz | If the mineral is nonmetallic, you compare it to... |
| 7.4 | pyrite has a specific gravity of |
| Silicates | SiO |
| Oxides | o2 |
| Phosphates | PO4 |
| Carbonates | CO3 |
| Sulfides | S |
| Sulfates | SO4 |
| Evaporates | garbage class |
| silicate | most common class of minerals |
| lode | concentration of minerals |
| caldera | What caused Crater Lake? |
| shield | low profile volcano that doesn't stack up against the vent |
| sill | the only concordant pluton |
| calcium plagioclase | first mineral to be formed in the Bowen's Reaction Series |
| Olivase | first ferromagnesium mineral to be formed in the Bowen's Reaction series |
| Orthoclase | Last feldspar to be formed in the Bowen's Reaction Series |
| granite (bottom) | On the igneous rock chart, Rhyolite (top) corresponds to... |
| Andesite (top) | On the igneous rock chart, Diorite (bottom) corresponds to... |
| Basalt (top) | On the igneous rock chart, Gabbro (bottom) corresponds to... |
| Periodtite | On the igneous rock chart, Komatite (top) corresponds to... |
| Iceland | Mid Oceanic Ridge example |
| Hawaii | Shield example |
| Mt. St. Helens | Strato example |
| Yellowstone | Cinder example |
| Komatite or Peridotite | texture of Iceland |
| Basalt or Gabbro | texture of Hawaii |
| Rhyolite or Granite | texture of yellowstone |
| Rhyolite or granite | only texture to have quartz IRC |
| Komatite or Peridotite | texture made up completely of olivine |
| Basalt or Gabbro | the texture is mostly pyroxene and olivine |
| Andesite or Diorite | texture that is mostly amphibole and plagioclase |
Created by:
maryallyn92
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