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RADT 316
Positioning unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CR for AP knee | 1/2" below patellar apex |
| the patellar apex is ____ to the patellar base | inferior |
| For an ASIS to tabletop measurement of 26", angle the CR ______ for an AP knee | cephalad |
| For an ASIS to tabletop measurement of 20", angle the CR _____ for an AP knee | perpendicular |
| For an ASIS to tabletop measurement of 17", angle the CR ____ for an AP knee | caudal |
| The distal aspect of the femur angles 5-7 degrees inferiorly going from the ____ to ____ aspect. | lateral, medial |
| deep depression that separates the femoral condyles | intercondylar fossa |
| raised bony area that receives the tendon of the adductor msucle | adductor tubercle |
| This landmark is useful in determining under or over-rotation in the knee image | adductor tubercle |
| most knee injuries are not fractures but _____ | torn ligaments |
| fibrocartilage disks in the knee | meniscus |
| function of the meniscus | provides stability and act as shock absorber |
| sac like structures filled with synovial fluid that allow for smooth articulations between ligaments | bursa |
| film size/orientation for AP knee | 10x12 lengthwise |
| CR angle for a PA projection of the knee | five degree caudal |
| film size/orientation for PA knee | 10x12 lengthwise |
| patient on affected side with knee flexed 20-30 degrees with CR angled 5-7 degree cephalic centered 1"distal to medial epicondyle | mediolateral knee |
| degree of flexion you should not exceed in suspected or known healing patellar fxs | ten |
| film size/orientation for lateral knee | 10x12 lengthwise |
| femoreal condyles should be _____ in the lateral knee image | superimposed |
| CR centered perpendicular to 1/2" below apices of the patellae and MSP | AP standing knees |
| t/f: It is acceptable to leave the patient's shoes on for weight bearing knees | false |
| film size/orientation for AP standing knees | 14x17 crosswise |
| degree of obliquity for AP oblique knees | 45 |
| t/f: you still follow the ASIS to tabletop measurement rule for oblique knees | true |
| film size/orientation for oblique knees | 10x12 lengthwise |
| oblique that is useful for seeing the patella projected slightly beyond the edge of the lateral femoral condyle and the fibula superimposed over the lateral half of the tibia | lateral oblique |
| oblique that is useful in seeing the tibia and fibula separated at their proximal articulation - tib/fib joint visualized and patellar margin projecting slightly beyond the medial side of the femoral condyle | medial oblique |
| in the _____ method for intercondylar fossa imaging the tibia is parallel to the image receptor | homblad |
| the knee is flexed_____ degrees in all positions of the homblad method | 60-70 |
| CR is directed ______ to the tibia for the homblad method | perpendicular |
| in the ____ method for intercondylar fossa, the femur is parallel to the image receptor | camp-coventry |
| the knee is flexed _____ in the camp coventry method for intercondylar fossa | 40-50 |
| CR is directed ______ to the tibia in the camp coventry method | perpendicular |
| patient is in a ____ position for the camp coventry position | prone |
| in the _____ method, the knee is flexed 40-45 degrees with the patient supine | beclere |
| CR is directed _____ to the tibia in the beclere method | perpendicular |
| patellas should be performed in the ____ position if possible to minimize _____ | prone, OID |
| CR is directed _____________ for the PA patella | to the midpopliteal area |
| patella should be _____ to the IR for PA patella | parallel` |
| knee should be flexed_____ degrees for lateral projection of patella | 5-10 |
| CR enters ______ for lateral patella | midpatellofemoral joint |
| Patient is in a ____ position for the Hughston method | prone |
| The knee is flexed ____ degrees for the hughston method | 50-60 |
| the CR is angled ____ degrees cephalic for the hughston method | 45 |
| the CR is angle _____ degrees for the lateral patella | 0 |
| the CR is angled ____ degrees for the PA patella | 0 |
| the knee should be flexed ____ degrees for the settagast method | 90 |
| the CR is directed ____ to patellofemoral joint space | perpendicular |
| t/f: shielding is not needed for any knee or patella image | false |
| for the ____ method, the knee should be flexed until the patella is perpendicular to the IR | Hobbs |
| for the ____ method, the knee is flexed anywhere from 30-90 degrees with the quadricep muscles relaxed for patellar imaging | merchant |
| If the knee is flexed 40 degrees, your CR shothe most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor affecting persons age 40-70 and occurs in various parts of the bodyuld form an angle of ____ degrees with the femur | 30 |
| benign, neoplastic bone lesions filled with clear fluid that most often occur near the knee joint in children and adolescents | bone cysts |
| involves a softening of the cartilage under the patella which results in wearing away of this cartilage, causing pain and tenderness in this area | chondromalacia patellae |
| also known as runner's knee | chondromalacia patellae |
| malignant tumors of the cartilage that occur in the pelvis and long bones of men older than 45 | chondrosarcoma |
| slo-growing benign tumor that is found in small bones of the hands and feet | enchondroma |
| a common primary malignant bone tumor that arises from bone marrow in children and young adults | ewing's sarcoma |
| benign neoplastic bone lesion that is caused by consolidated overproduction of bone at a joint (usually the knee) | exostosis/osteochondroma |
| breaks in the structure of bone caused by a force | fxs |
| a form of arthritis that may be hereditary in which uric acid appears in excessive quantities in the blood and may be deposited in the joints and other tissues | gout |
| occur as accumulated fluid in the joint cavity | joint effusion |
| the most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor affecting persons age 40-70 and occurs in various parts of the body | multiple myeloma |
| inflammation of the bone and cartilage of the anterior proximal tibia and is most common in boys ages 10-15 | osgood-schlatter disease |
| also called degenerative joint disease | osteoarthritis |
| gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation | osteoarthritis |
| benign lesions that typically occur in long bones of young adults (prox. tibia and distal femur) | osteoclastomas |
| also called giant cell tumors | osteoclastomas |
| highly malignant primary bone tumor | osteogenic sarcoma |
| literally means bone softening - caused from lack of bone mineralization resulting from a deficiency of vitamin D | osteomalacia |
| also called rickets | osteomalacia |
| one of the most common diseases of the skeleton; occurs most commonly in midlife men; disrupts new bone growth resulting in overproduction of very dense yet soft bone - appears as lytic or lucent areas on a radiograph | paget's disease |
| the CR is directed ____ for the AP Tib/Fib | perpendicular |
| the light field should extend _____ beyond each joint to ensure its visibility on the radiograph | one to two inches |
| the CR is centered to the __________ for the AP tib/fib | midpoint of leg |
| t/f: you should image both joints (separately if need be) when imaging the tib fib | true |
| The oblique tib fib should be rotated _____ degrees. | 45 |
| In order to image both joints on a diagonally orientated image receptor, the SID should be _____. | increased to 44-48" |
| The CR should be centered to the _______ for an oblique tib fib | midpoint of leg |
| The CR should be centered to the ______ for a lateral tib fib | midpoint of leg |
| All tib fib imaging initially should occur on a _____ image receptor unless imaging a pediatric patient | 14x17 |
| What is another term for intercondyloid eminence? | intercondylar tubercles |
| What is the name of the deep depression found on the posterior aspect of the distal femur? | intercondylar fossa |
| A line drawn across the most distal aspect of the medial and lateral femoral condyles would be ______ from being at a right angle (90 degrees) to the long axis of the femur. | 5-7 degrees |
| The upper, or superior, portion of the patella is called the: | base |
| Which two ligaments of the knee joint help stabilize the knee from the anterior and posterior perspective? | cruciates |
| Which structures serve as shock absorbers within the knee joint? | menisci |
| Which one of the following conditions may cause the tibial tuberosity to be pulled away from the tibial shaft? Gout, osteomalacia, reiter syndrome, osgood-schlatter disease | osgood-schlatter disease |
| What is the common term for chondromalacia patellae? | runner's knee |
| Which imaginary plane should be parallel to the IR for an AP projection of the knee? | interepicondylar |
| Which joint space should be open or almost open for a well-positioned AP oblique knee projection with medial rotation? | proximal tibiofibular |
| t/f: A 5-7 degree cephalad angle of the CR for a lateral projection of the knee helps superimpose the distal borders of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur. | true |
| Why is the PA projection of the patella preferred over an AP projection? | less OID, less magnification of patella, and less distortion of patella |
| SITUATION: A projection is preformed for the patellofemoral joint with the patient supine and the knee flexed 40. The CR is angled 30 degrees caudad from horizontal. The IR is resting on the lower legs supported by a special IR-holding device. | bilateral merchant |
| What is the major disadvantage of the Settegast method? | requires overflexion of knee |
| SITUATION: A radiograph of an AP knee reveals that the joint spaces are not equally open and the proximal fibula is superimposed over the tibia. Which specific positioning error lead to this lead to this radiographic outcome? | lateral rotation of lower limb |
| A rad of the Camp-Coventry method was used but the intercondylar fossa is not open&forshortened The following positioning factors were used: prone, lower leg flexed 45 degrees&CR angled 30 caudad¢ered to the popliteal crease Which would cause to repeat | increase angle to 45 degree caudad |
| SITUATION: A bilateral patellofemoral joint space study is ordered. The patient is parapelegic and cannot stand. Which of the following projections would be best for this patient? | superinferior (sitting) tangential |
Created by:
meechthebeech91
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