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Science Unit 2 7th g
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is an organism's cell like a factory? | Like a factory, an organism must be able to obtain energy and raw materials and get rid of wastes. |
| The movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration is called? | Diffusion |
| The fluids that surround and fill a cell are made mostly of? | Water |
| Water is made up of particles called? | Molecules |
| The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called? | Osmosis |
| What is the result of osmosis? | The water molecules move to the less concentrated area |
| What process is important to cell functions? | Osmosis |
| Describe what would happen if you put red blood cells into a salty solution. | The red blood cell would shrivel up. |
| Describe the effect of osmosis on a wilted plant that has been watered. | When a wilted plant is watered, osmosis makes the plant firm again. |
| Particles moving across a cell membrane without using energy | Passive transport |
| Passageways in a cell membrane | Channels |
| The movement of particles from an area of low to and area of high concentration across a cell membrane | Active transport |
| Two examples of passive transport | Diffusion and osmosis |
| A cell needs this to transport particles by active transport | Energy |
| The channels in a cell membrane are made up of? | Proteins |
| A large particle can enter a cell using a process called? | Endocytosis |
| What happens to a cell during endocytosis? | The cell surrounds a large particle and brings it inside itself. Then,the membrane pinches off into a vesicles and brings the particle in. |
| A large particle can leave a cell using a process called? | Exocytosis |
| What happens during exocytosis? | The vesicles fuses with the membrane and opens up and shoots the particle out. |
| What is your body telling you when you feel hungry? | Your cells need energy |
| Where do plant cells get their energy? | The sun |
| Where do many animal cells get the energy they need? | Food |
| Where does almost all of the energy that fuels life come from? | The sun |
| Plants are able to change the sun's energy into food through the process of? | Photosynthesis |
| The molecules in plant cells that absorb light energy are called? | Pigments |
| Plants get their green color from? | Chlorophyll |
| What is glucose? | A corbohydrate. |
| Explain why glucose is important to a plant cell. | The energy in glucose is used by the plant's cells |
| Photosynthesis produces what and what? | Oxygen and glucose |
| Cells use what to break down food? | Cellular respiration |
| Many cells are able to get energy without using oxygen through a process called? | Fermentation |
| Why is breathing important to many organisms? | It supplies the oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide. |
| What happens during cellular respiration? | Food is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, and energy is released. |
| What does your body do with the energy released during cellular respiration? | Most of it maintains body temperature and some is used to form ATP. |
| ATP supplies what that fuels cell activities? | Energy |
| Cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells takes place in what inside the cell? | Mitochondria |
| During photosynthesis, plant cells take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. How is this different form cellular respiration? | Cellular respiration takes in what photosynthesis releases and vice versa. |
| Why do you get a burning sensation in your muscles during strenuous exercise? | The buildup of lactic acid during fermentation contributes to this burning sensation. |
| What is another kind of fermentation? | It occurs in yeasts and fungi. |
| How does the process of fermentation help bread rise? | Yeasts form carbon dioxide and the bubbles help the bread rise and leave little holes. |
| What occurs when cells use oxygen to produce energy from food? | Cellular respiration |
| What is the breakdown of food without using oxygen? | Fermentation |
| What forms carbon dioxide during fermentation and is used to help bread rise? | Yeast |
| What is converted into food by the process of photosynthesis? | The sun's energy |
| What is released during photosynthesis. | Oxygen |
| What is released by cells during cellular respiration? | Water, carbon dioxide, and energy |
| Why is it important for your body to produce millions of new cells? | Making news cells allows you to grow and replace dead cells. |
| When does the cell cycle begin? | When the cell is formed |
| When does the cell cycle end? | When the cell divides and makes new cells |
| What must a cell do before it can divide to make a new cell? | It must make a copy of its DNA |
| What makes sure that each new cell will be a n exact copy of its parent cell? | The copying of chromosomes |
| A cell without a nucleus is what kind of cell? | Prokaryotic |
| A cell with a nucleus is what kind of cell? | Euckaryotic |
| A chromosome is the main ring of a DNA in what kind of cell? | Prokaryotic |
| A chromosome is made up of DNA and protein in what kind of cell? | Eukaryotic |
| Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells? | Prokaryotic |
| Bacteria create new cell through a kind of division called? | Binary fission |
| When binary fission is complete, the results are two cells that each one copy of what? | The circle of DNA |
| The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells have more what than that of prokaryotic cells? | DNA |
| Humans have ____ chromosomes, while fruit flies have only ____. Potatoes have ____ chromosomes. | 46, 8, 48 |
| Chromosomes line up in pairs called what? | Homologous chromosomes |
| What do pairs of homologous chromosomes have in common? | The same sequence of genes and the same structure. |
| In the beginning of the eukaryotic cell cycle, the cell grows and duplicates what and what? | Its organelles and chromosomes. |
| After a chromosome is duplicated, the two copies are called what? | Chromatids |
| Chromatids in eukaryotic cells separate during a process called what? | Mitosis |
| Where are the chromatids held together? | The centromere |
| What happens in the first stage of a eukaryotic cell cycle? | The cell grows and copies its organelles and chromosomes. |
| In the second stage? | The chromatids separate during mitosis, which ensures that each new cell receives a copy of each chromosome. |
| And the third? | The cell splits into two new cells. |
| Before mitosis begins, what paired cell structures are copied. | The chromosomes |
| How do animal cells separate into two cells without a cell wall? | The membrane pinches in and in until it pinches all the way through the cell. |
Created by:
Scollyo