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Psychology 2

Second test

TermDefinition
Classical Conditioning a type of learning in which a stimulus aquires the capacity to evoke a reflexive response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus
Classical Conditioning A biological type learning
Stimulus an environmental condition that elicits a response
Reflex a simple unlearned response to a stimulus
Unconditional Stimulus (US) Not learned, its natural occurring stimulus and will always produce an unconditional response
Uncondtitional Response (UR) natural response to the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) learned, not a natural occurring stimulus will ALWAYS produce a learned response, stimulus that was initially neutral but now elicits a response
Conditioned Response (CR) learned, not a natural response to the learned stimulus
Acquisition process that establishes or strengthens a conditioned response CS+US=CR
Extinction the decrease of a conditioned response CS-US=CR gone
Discrimination process of learning to respond to a certain stimuli and not to others
Spontaneous Recovery the temporary return of an extinguished response after a delay
Stimulus Generalization the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to; but not identical to, a conditioned stimulus
Operant Conditioning a type of learning in which voluntary behavior is: strengthened if it is reinforced weakened if it is punished.
Operant Conditioning a cognitive process
Positive Reinforcement add something positive to increase behavior
Negative Reinforcement remove something viewed as negative to increase behavior
Steps in finding US, CS, UR, CR: 1. Find Response 2. Look for natural event 3. Look for unnatural event
Learning you have to go from not being able to do something to being able to do something.
Learning Characteristics * Demonstrated by a change in your behavior/performance * Change in memory * You know you have learned something when you are put in a situation where you are able to recall information * Real learning is relatively permanent
Fixed ratio constant ratio, never changing
Variable ratio changing ratio, constantly changing
Fixed interval constant time, always at the same time
Variable interval inconsistent time, do not know when it might occur
Continuous Reinforcement you will be reinforced every time you do something
Partial Reinforcement being reinforced in an inconsistent way
Primary Reinforcer Reinforce behavior to which you find inatily pleasurable ex. sex, food, water
Secondary Reinforcer preference pleasuring, something that is learned to be satisfactory
Punishment something added to us that's unpleasurable; taking away something viewed as pleasurable used to decrease bad behavior
Memory ablitiy to recall information that you've learned
Innate something you are born with, no need to learn it
Amnesia Partial or total loss of memory
Retrograde Amnesia an inability to retrieve information from ones past
Anterograde Amnesia an inability to form new memories
Sensory Memory filter of my sensory experiences (see, taste touch, smell, hear)
Sensory Memory types Instant experience, Haptic, Flashbulb
Instant experience Iconic, breaking down what I see Echo, hear
Haptic taste, touch, smell 99.9% of time you forget
Flashbulb instintainious memory stressful, traumatic experience
Working Memory (short term) active process of manipulating information between 1-30 seconds 7 bits
Long term Memory Storage of learned info that is available for retrieval and future use
forget failure to remember
rehearsal a practice or trial performance of something for a later public performance
Four types of long term memory Procedural, Declarative, Semantic, Episodic
Procedural How to do something (tie shoes, get dressed, cooking)
Declarative long term factual information
Episodic memories about episodes of your life, your stories facts, personal
Semantic Factual information everyone should know (months, days of week)
Hippocampus the area responsible for taking in information and putting it into long term
Different effects of why we remember what we remember: * Primary effect * Frequency effect * Distinctiveness effect * Recentcy effect * Incoding Specificity
Primary effect what you remember most about a situation is what you were exposed to first
Frequency effect what you remember based on the amount it was shown or based on the amount you have been exposed to it
Distinctiveness effect things you remember because they are different (something that stands out)
Recentcy effect what you remember based on what you were exposed to last or most recently
Incoding Specificity ability to remember what you remember if you can remember where you made that memory
Paying attention you remember what you remember by what you choose to pay attention to
False memory when you create a memory based upon context
Encoding the processing of information into the memory system for example, by extracting meaning
Created by: reedr13
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