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Eval Test 2
axial & grashey; clavicle; toes; calcaneus; ankle; scapula; foot; AC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the patient positioning for the Inferosuperior axial shoulder? | patient supine w/ shoulder elevated; rotate head opposite way; arm abducted 90 degrees from body; palm up (extern. rotation) |
| What is the CR for the inferosuperior axial shoulder? | horizontal beam; directed 25-30 degrees medially into the axilla & humeral head |
| Which structures should be in profile for the inferosuperior axial shoulder? | lesser tubercle and coracoid process |
| How much should the body be rotated for a Grashey shoulder? | 35-45 degrees towards affected side |
| what is the CR for the grashey shoulder projection? | mid scapulohumeral joint |
| If glenohumeral joint space is closed and the coracoid process superimposed the humeral head by more than 1/4", then the obliquity is what? | too steep |
| What is the CR placement for AP Toes? | MTP joint (digits 1-5) |
| What rotation is for digits 4 & 5 on oblique toes? | lateral rotation |
| What joints need to be included in the AP clavicle? | AC and SC joints (acromioclavicular & sternoclavicular) |
| What is the patient position for the AP scapula? | erect or supine; posterior surface of shoulder against bucky; abduct arm 90 degrees and supinate hand |
| What is another name for the Axial calcaneus? | plantodorsal calcaneus |
| What is the CR for an AP ankle? | vertically thru ankle joint; midpoint between malleoli |
| What is the tube angulation for AP foot? | 10 degrees posteriorly |
| Which projection of the AC joints is done first? | w/o weights |
| Which joints are open on the AP foot? | MTP & TMT joints |
| What is the CR for the axial calcaneus? | base of 3rd metatarsal (exits posterior to malleoli) |
| Which joints should be opened on the AP toes? | IP and MTP joints |
| Which rotation is for the 3rd digit in oblique toes? | either medial or lateral |
| how much of the metatarsal should be visualized on the oblique toes? | 1/2 distal metatarsal |
| T or F: heads of metatarsals should overlap | False |
| How do you check for obliquity on toes? | heads of metatarsals should appear directly side by side with no or only minimal overlapping |
| which joint should be included on the axial calcaneus? | talocalcaneal joint |
| How can you tell if the calcaneus is rotated? | 1st or 5th metatarsal should will be projected to the side |
| On the axial calcaneus, what happens when the tube is angled too much or foot is dorsiflexed over 90 degrees? | elongation |
| Why is the tube angulation 40 degrees for the axial calcaneus? | Cieszynski's rule; if CR is to IR=foreshortened, if CR is to anatomy=elongation |
| What is the CR for the big toe (1st digit) on the lateral? | IP joint (interphalangeal joint) |
| What level should the sternal end of the clavicle be at on an AP clavicle? | T4 |
| On a lateral scapula, if the arm is crossed over the body (hand on opposite shoulder) what is best demonstrated? | body & superior scapula |
| on a lateral scapula, if the arm is down by the side what part of the scapula is best demonstrated? | acromion & coracoid process |
| How can you tell if a lateral scapula is over rotated? | the lateral border is in the ribs |
| How can you tell the difference between the lateral border and the medial border of the scapula? | lateral border is thicker |
| On an inferosuperior axial shoulder, how can you tell if the tube angulation is too wide (far away from pt.)? | the coracoid base is in front of glenoid margin. |
| On a grashey shoulder, if the glenohumeral joint space is closed and the corcoid process is not superimposed over the humeral head then how is the obliquity? | too shallow |
| How can you check for rotation on AP foot? | -equal distance between 2nd & 5th metatarsals -base of 1st and 2nd MT separated (2-5 appear overlapped) -joint spaces between medial and intermediate cuneiforms should be opened |
| What is the relationship between the arch of the foot and the tube angulation for AP foot? | increase in arch = increase tube angulation; flat feet require less tube angulation because the CR should be perpendicular to the metatarsals |
| How much obliquity is for the oblique foot? | 30-40 degrees medially |
| What is the CR for the oblique foot? | perpendicular to the base of the 3rd MT. the general plane of the dorsum of the foot should be parallel to IR and perpendicular to the CR. |
| which projection is the sinus tarsi best seen on? | medial oblique foot |
| What is the CR for the lateral foot? | medial cuneiform |
| On a lateral foot, where should the fibula be seen? | fibula should overlap the posterior portion of the tibia |
| Which joint should be seen on the lateral foot? | talotibial joint |
| On the lateral foot, because of the transverse arch which digit should be more inferior? | 5th digit |
| On a lateral foot, how can you tell if the toes are elevated? | the fibula will superimpose more of the anterior part of the tibia. |
| What is an alternative projection for the AC joints? | unilateral. if the pt. is too large for one image. |
| Why is the unilateral AC joints projection preferred? | reduced thyroid dose and AC joint is more open because the CR is perpendicular. |
| Which landmarks should be perpendicular to the IR to have a true lateral scapula for a great Y-view projection? | acromial tip & superior angle |
| How can you tell if the scapula is under rotated on a lateral Y-view? | lateral border still lateral but not superimposing |
| What is the CR for AP scapula? | mid scapula; 2" inferior to coracoid process (level of axilla) & 2" medial from lateral border. |
| on the AP clavicle what structure should superimpose over the clavicle? | superior angle of scapula |
| On the axial clavicle, where should the medial end of the clavicle project? | superimpose over 1st and 2nd ribs |
| How should a L lateral foot be displayed correctly? | toes point to the right |
| How much tube angulation is needed for the axial calcaneus? | 40 degrees cephalic |
| How should a R axial shoulder (inferosuperior) shoulder be correctly displayed? | the glenoid cavity should be on the R side. Like you are looking at the pt. from the tube view. |
| What is the CR for the lateral calcaneus? | 1" inferior to medial malleolus |
| T or F: on the AP ankle, the malleoli will be the same distance from the IR. | False: the lateral malleolus is 15 degrees more posterior |
| On the AP ankle which joint is there some overlapping and is normal? | tibiofibular |
| What is the CR for AP ankle? | vertically thru ankle joint; midpoint between malleoli |
| T or F: on the AP ankle, the talus should slightly overlap the distal tibia. | false; the talus should slightly overlap the distal fibula |
| how much obliquity should the oblique ankle have? | depends if you are doing the mortise or oblique; between 15-45 degrees medially |
| What does the mortise ankle rotation show? | the mortise ankle; the malleoli are parallel to the IR. |
| What does the 45 degree oblique ankle show? | the entire fibula in profile; there is more distance between the fibula and tibia also |
| what is the main purpose of the oblique ankle? | to demonstrate the fibula unsuperimposed |
| What articulation is free of superimposition on the oblique ankle? | talofibular articulation |
| If the sinus tarsi is demonstrated on the oblique ankle what does that mean? | the ankle/foot was rotated more than 45 degrees. |
| What is the CR on the lateral ankle? | perpendicular at the medial malleolus |
| on the lateral ankle which joint should be well visualized? | talotibial joint |
| Where should the fibula be projected on the tibia on a lateral ankle? | over the posterior half. |
| On an AP ankle, if the distal tip of the fibula is not free of superimposition of the calcaneus means what? | the toes are pointed down and the ankle is not dorsiflexed. |
Created by:
mokapis
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