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Psychology
Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Structuralism | Wundt + Tichner -elements of thought introspection Conscious/Aware |
| Introspection | observing own thoughts, feelings and sensations |
| Gestalt + Wertheimer | "whole picture" conscious/aware |
| William James | functionalism -what behaviors do we need to survive our envioronment conscious/aware |
| Freud | Unconscious Psycho analitic- dreams, surpressed feelings, memories |
| Behaviorism | John B. Watson Baby Albert Stimulus-Response what reenforcers are taking place? B.F Skinner |
| Population of Interest | researchers would include every person they are interested in studying |
| Sample | researchers selection of a portion or subset of the population |
| Naturalistic Observation | research studies that are conducted in the environment in which the behavior typically occurs |
| Case Study | in depth observation of on participant |
| Generalizability | conclusions that are drawn from case studies are limited to the topic being studied |
| Surveys | asking a large group of people about their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors |
| Correlation | test the relationship between 2 or more variables |
| Positive Correlation | one variable relates to another, when one variable increases the second one also increases |
| Negative Correlation | one variable increases the other variable decreases |
| Placebo Effect | when participants show changes simply cause they believe or expect treatment to have certain effects |
| Double Blind Studies | neither experimenters nor participants know who's receiving a placebo and who is treatment |
| Confounding Variables | potentially problematic variables |
| Random Assignment | to conditions of the study |
| Quasi Experiment | researcher manipulates the independent variable and sets the other conditions to be the same for both groups |
| 4 Goals of Psychological Research | -describe behavior -predict behavior -explain behavior -control or change behavior |
| Scientific Method | -predict -hypothesize -design a study/ conduct a study -analyze data -reject or accept hypothesis |
| operation definition | how you measure |
| Selection bias | sampling bias not random or not representative of the population |
| Social Desirability Bias | answering the way you think you're supposed to |
| predictive hypothesis | determine on outcome |
| independent variable | something being manipulated |
| dependent variable | what's being measured |
| control group | not receiving the manipulation |
| experimental group | participants receiving manipulation |
| confounds | another variable influencing the dv other than the iv |
| informed consent | inform participants of any risks during the process wherein the researcher establishes a clear and fair agreement with participants |
| confidentiality | personal info about participants obtained by the researcher during the course of investigation |
| debriefing | full disclosure by researcher to inform participants of the true purpose of research |
| biological perspective | look for a physical cause for a particular behavior |
| evolutionary perspective | proposes that natural selection is the process at work |
| cognitive perspective | explains behavior with an emphasis on thoughts and interpretations based on memory, expectations, beliefs, problem solving, or decision making |
| psychodynamic perspective | focuses on internal often unconscious mental processes, motives, and desires or childhood conflicts to explain behavior |
| behavioral perspective | focuses on external causes of behavior how stimuli in our environment and th erewareds and punishments we receive influence our behavior and mental processes |
| sociocultural perspective | suggests that your society of culture influences your actions |
| humanistic perspective | behavior stemming from free will and your own choices |
| eclectic approach | all the perspectives put together |
Created by:
Alisicia
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