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Unit #2
Chapter 3 & 5
| Nervous system | Body's electrochemical communication circuitry |
| Brain(nervous system) Characteristics | Complexity, Integration, Plasticity/adaptability, Electrochemical transmission |
| Divisions of the nervous system | Central nervous system-Brain/spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System- Brings info to and from brian (CNS) Somatic Nervous system sensory and motor nerves Autonomic nervous system-Internal organs |
| Neurons | 1 or 2 types of cells in the nervous system 100 billion neurons |
| Parts of the Neuron | 1-Cell body nucleus 2- Dendrites(they receive info & orient toward the neuron's cell body) 3-Axon carries away from cell to body. 4- myelinsheath layer of fat cells |
| Glial cells | provide support & nutritional benefits keeps neurons running smooth |
| Neural Impulse | Electrical part neuron send brief impulses through its axon to the next neuron. |
| synapses | Tiny space between neurons the gap between neurons are called synaptic gap. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemical substance thats transmit or carries info to the next neuron. |
| *Acetylcholine | deals with muscle action learning and memory |
| GABA | Brain's brake pedal |
| Glutamate | (brain trigger) |
| Norepinephrine | helps control alertness |
| Dopamine | helps control voluntary movement affects moods, attention |
| Endorphins | Shields the body from pain elevates feeling of pleasure |
| Serotonin | regulations of sleep attention/ learning and mood |
| OXYTOCIN | Experience of love/ social bonding |
| Agonist | Drug that mimic's or increases neurotransmitter's effect |
| Antagonist (blocks) | drug that blocks a neurotransmitter's effect |
| neural networks | A large # of neurons Interconnected work together to intergate incoming info & coordinating outgoing (Sensory input/ motor output |
| Objective of the brain | keep us alive reach our goals |
| 3 major regions of the brain | Hindbrain (primitive) Mid brain (feeling) Forebrain (think) |
| Cerebellum | motor cordination |
| amygdada | involves in fear / intense emotions |
| hippocampus | memory |
| Hypothalamus | monitors eating drinking, sex , emotion , stress and reward |
| cerebral cortex | the outer brain layer -thinking part |
| hemispheres left and right | left is rational , logic , math speech right is intuition paterns confiuration & emotion |
| lobes | occipital , temporal frontal Parietal * |
| Corpus CALLOSUM | thick band of axons that connects the 2 hemispheres |
| Broca's Area | located in the Left Hemisphere Control of speech |
| Wernick's Area | involved in understanding language |
| Spinal Cord | 17 inch long sends receives info from the entire body and brain |
| Ways of studying the brain | EEG- Detect brain wave Activity Cat scan , pet scan MRI Fmri |
| Endocrine System | Set of glands that regulate the activites of certain organs by releasing their chemical products into the bloodstream |
| Glands | organs or tissues in the body that create chemical's that control many of our bodily features |
| Hormones | Chemical Messengers produced by the endoctine gland |
| GLANDS | Pituitary Adrenal Pancreas , Ovaries? testes, Thyroid |
| Genetics | Branch of biology that studies heredity / variations in organisims |
| Gregor mendel | Studied heredity in generations of pea plants |
| Human cell | basic unit of life |
| Chromosomes | thread like structures that come in 23 pairs |
| Dominant recessive gene principle | ONe gene of the pair is dominant one is recessive , dominant one over rides reccessive |
| Genotype | Indivividuals genetic heritage |
| Phenotype | what can be in an individuals observable charactersistices |
| Consciousness | Individuals awareness of external events and internal sensation |
| Biological Rhythms | Periodic Phyiodogical Funtion ns in the boydy |
| Circadian Rhythms | Involve sleep / wake cycle |
| Psychoactive drugs | Alter consciousness modify perception and change moods |
| Tolerance | need to increase amount of a drug |
| Physical Dependence | Bodys Physical need to a specific drug |
| Psychological Dependence | Strong desire to repeat |
| Addiction | Either a Physical or a psycholoical dependence |
| WIthdrawal symptoms | Uncomfortable Physical or mental changes that happen when the body is deprived of the drug that it is accustomed to getting |
Created by:
Abelham
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