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Unit 3
Motion and Newton's Laws vocab
| Your Answer | Definition or Question |
|---|---|
| Work | when a force causes an object to move in the same direction of the force it is called --> --> Same direction! |
| Air Resistance ( used in U2 and 3) | when falling an object is falling though molecules that push up on the object, what are those molecules called? |
| Terminal Velocity ( used in U2 and 3) | When an object stops gaining speed as it falls. All objects will have a max velocity and from that point on it will fall at a constant rate. What term does this describe? |
| Free Fall ( used in U2 and 3) | what is it called when an object has gravity acting on it pulling it down and there are no other forces acting on it. |
| Centrifugal Force | In orbiting objects gravity pulls towards the center causing an object to circle another object. Like the Moon and the Earth. This is also like the amount of force causing spinning in a circle. The amount of rotation is it's angular momentum. |
| Projectile motion | this is the curved path an object follows when it is thrown near the Earth's surface. |
| horizontal motion | a motion parallel to the ground for example _____> |
| vertical motion | a motion perpendicular from the ground ^ |
| Newton's first law- be able to apply it to a story ( used in U2 and 3) | an object at rest or in motion will remain at rest or in motion, unless acted upon by an outside unbalanced force. It is because of Inertia. What law is this? |
| Newton's 2nd law-applied ( used in U2 and 3) | the acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. What law is this? |
| Newton's 3rd law- applied ( used in U2 and 3) | for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. What law is this? |
| inertia ( used in U2 and 3) | What is the tendency of an object to resist any change in motion, it is due to on objects mass. (LARGE objects have LARGE inertia.) |
| F=ma ( used in U2 and 3) | What is the concept of Inertia? A big object needs a lot of force to accelerate. |
| p=mV The concept of momentum-big and fast has more momentum | What is the formula for Momentum (p) which would explain that It is harder to stop a huge semi truck than it is to stop a Geo (small car). |
| W=Fd The concept of work . | What is Work? It is measured in Joules or Newton Meters. |
| Joules | What is the unit used to express Work in Nm? This is also the unit for kinetic and potential energy. |
| gravity ( used in U2 and 3) | What is the force of attraction between objects due to their mass and how near they are from each other? |
| power (Formula P=W/t) | What is the rate at which energy is transferred? (How fast can you do something? How fast can you Work? What uints would it be in ?) |
| Law of Conservation of Momentum | when an object hits another object the momentum of the first object is transferred into the second object. The total amount of momentum is always the same (conserved) in a collision or in spinning (Angular momentum)it can't be created nor destroyed. |
| Explains: colliding objects (Like Newton's cradle in class ) | In Newton's cradle we see that if one ball is dropped into the other balls the momentum transfers though them and pops the ball at the end out. momentum travels through to the last ball, this Explains? 2 in = 2 out equal and opposite) |
| This describes : how gravity effects Projectile Motion | As an object is thrown, the forward motion stays the same, but Gravity pulls it down causing the path to curve towards the Earth. |
| draw it: a picture showing one object not moving (balanced) and another object moving (unbalanced) | Draw and label a diagram of balanced and unbalanced forces |
| keep multiplying the seconds of fall by 9.8 meters per second squared | calculate the falling acceleration of a 10g object at 1 second, 2 seconds, and 5 seconds |
| work is not done if the forces are not traveling in the same direction ======> | What is not work? |
| the plotted points will increase on a graph in the same rate/slope tilted upward. | Draw a distance-time graph showing a car going at a constant speed ( used in U2 and 3) |
| the plotted points will increase with time | Draw a distance-time graph showing a car with positive acceleration ( used in U2 and 3) |
| The graph would have time on the bottom and distance on the side. the points plotted would climb in distance and then the distance will not change. It will result in a line horizontally | Draw a distance-time graph showing a car stopping ( used in U2 and 3) |
| Something that is not a push or a pull | Describe what is NOT a Force ( used in U2 and 3) |
| Calculate this -like we did in class. Add them up | Two cars collide head on. They were both going 65 mph. How fast did they collide into each other? |
| Calculate this -like we did in class using -Newtons 3rd law. | If you step down with a 300 Newton force, how much force does the Earth push back towards you? |
| They would all fall equally ( used in U2 and 3) | If there were no air, and there were 3 different sized balls (Large, medium and small) which would hit the ground the fastest? |
| Yes --because the motion is in the same direction as the force (both are horizontal) | If you push a grocery cart, is it work? |
| No--, because once lifted the force is up vertically, and you are walking forward horizontally. So they are not in the same direction | If you carry groceries, is it work? |
| Inertia ( used in U2 and 3) | an objects resistance to change due to its mass. |
| Newtons (N) ( used in U2 and 3) | Force is measured in... |
| Practice- like we did in lab. expect something similar Use the Formula for PE | Calculate Potential Energy (J) PE=mgh Measured in Joules! |
| Practice - like we did in lab, expect something similar. Use the formula for KE | Calculate Kinetic Energy (J) KE = 1/2mv2 (the 2 is Velocity squared) Measured in Joules! |
| Dark Matter | Matter that we cannot see but assume is there because that "nothingness" weighs more than what we can see as matter. |
| Laws of Conservation of ~ Energy/Matter/Momentum/Angular Momentum (spining or turning) | These are all laws that an be neither created nor destroyed. (used in all Physical Science units...it is a Law) |
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NJHS Physical Science
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