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Pharm Definitions
Internal Medicine
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | the study of drugs that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes |
| Drug | substance that affects the function of living cells, used in medicine to diagnose, cure, prevent the occurrence of diseases and disorders, and prolong the life of clients with incurable conditions |
| Chemical Name | specific structure of the compound |
| Generic Name | official name, often derived from the chemical name |
| Brand Name | trade name assigned by the pharmaceutical company |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | the area of pharmacology that refers to the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose disease |
| Pharmacokinetics | the study of how the body deals with the drug in terms of the way it is… |
| A | Absorbed |
| D | Distributed |
| M | Metabolized |
| E | Eliminated |
| Pharmacodynamics | the analysis of what the drug does to the body, including the mechanism by which the drug exerts its effect |
| Toxicology | the study of the harmful effects of chemicals |
| Pharmacy | deals with the preparation and dispensing of medications |
| Side Effects | common and expected, but usually undesirable action of a medication |
| Adverse Reactions (ADRs) | unexpected, severe, and dangerous reactions which may occasionally occur with a medication |
| Dose | a quantity to be administered at one time |
| Dosage | the dose, frequency, and duration |
| Absorption | the transfer of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream |
| Topical route | directly applied to the skin, includes eye/ear drops |
| Enteral routes | oral (works in about 40 minutes), rectal, gastric feeding tube |
| Parenteral routes | Transmuccosal: buccal (cheek), sublingual, inhalation Injection (intravenous, intra-arterial, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal (directly to the CNS)) Transdermal (ex/ iontophoresis) |
| po | by mouth |
| IM | intramuscular injection |
| SC or SQ | subcutaneous injection |
| SL | sublingual |
| IV | intravenous |
| PR | per rectum |
| hs | at hour of sleep |
| ac | before meals |
| pc | after meals |
| q | every |
| qd | every day |
| bid | twice/day |
| tid | three times/day |
| qid | four times/day |
| qod | every other day |
| prn | as needed |
| Bioavailability | the extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation, depends on the route of administration and on the drug’s ability to cross membrane and tissue barriers |
| Distribution | the transport of a drug from the bloodstream to tissue sites where it will be effective, as well as to sites where the drug may be stored, metabolized, or eliminated from the body |
| Drug clearance | the rate at which the active drug is removed from the body |
| agonist | drug enhances cell activity |
| antagonist | drug inhibits cell activity |
| Polypharmacology | the excessive and unnecessary use of medications - more seen in elderly |
| Half-life | the time it takes for the amount or concentration of a drug to fall by 50% in the body (typically in the plasma) |
| Potency (effectiveness) | the dose of a drug that produces a given response in a specific amplitude |
| Ceiling Effect | (maximal efficacy) the point at which there is no further increase in the response of the drug |
| Threshold dosage | the level when therapeutic response 1st occurs |
| Median Effective Dose (ED50) | dose at which ½ of the population will respond in a specified manner |
| Median Toxic Dose (TD50) | dose at which ½ of the population will exhibit an adverse reaction |
| Therapeutic Index (TI=(TD50/ED50)) | a drug calculation which indicates drug safety. The higher the TI, the safer the drug, or the larger dose needed to evoke a toxic response than it does to cause a beneficial effect |
Created by:
papillonbleu008
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