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RADT 316
Positioning- unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is partially visible on a pelvis radiograph when the legs are in anatomic position | lesser trochanters |
| when taking a pelvis radiograph and you need to see the lesser trochanters internally what lower limb rotation would you use | external rotation |
| what lower leg rotation during a pelvis radiograph would the lesser trochanter not be seen | medial rotation |
| which gender has a pelvis that is narrower, deeper, and less flared than the other | male |
| which gender has a pelvis that is wider, more shallow, and more flared than the other | female |
| which gender has a pubic arch that has an acute angle | male |
| which gender has a pubic arch that has an obtuse angle | female |
| which gender has an inlet shape that is more oval or heart shaped | male |
| which gender has an inlet shape that is more round and larger | female |
| what is the joint between the sacrum and each ilium | si joints |
| what is the structure between the right and left pubic bones | symphasis pubis |
| what is the temporary growth joint of each acetabulum that solidifies in mid-teen years | union on acetabulum |
| what is the joints between head of femur and acetabulum of pelvis | hip joints |
| what type of joint is the si joint | synovial |
| what type of joint is the sym pubis | cartilaginous |
| what type of joint is the union of acetabulum | cartilaginous |
| what type of joint is the hip joint | synovial |
| ankylosing spondykitis | first effect demonstrated is the fusion of si joints, cases extensive calcification of the ant. long. lig. of the spinal column; aka bamboo spine |
| avulsion fx of the pelvis | cause extreme pain and are difficult to dx if not properly imaged, occurs in adolescent athletes who experience sudden forceful, or unbalanced contraction of the tendentious and muscular attachments; lower kV when imaging, running hurdles can be a cause |
| chondrosarcoma | malignant tumor of the cartilage; occurs in the pelvis and long bones in men over age 45 |
| developmental dysplasia of the hip | hip dislocations that are caused by a condition that is present at birth and may require frequent hip readiographs |
| legg-calve-perthes disease | most common type of aseptic or ischemic necrosis, lesion typically involves only one hip; primarily in boys ages 5-10 |
| metastatic carcinoma | malignancy that spreads in the bone via the circulatory or lymphatic system, or by direct invasion |
| osteoarthritis | aka DJD, degeneration of joint cartilage and adjacent bone causing pain ans stiffness |
| pelvic ring fx | caused by severe blow or trauma to one side of the pelvis, may result in a fracture site away from the site of primary trauma |
| proximal femur fx | most common in older adult or geriatric patients with osteoporosis or avascular necrosis |
| slipped capital femoral epiphysis | occurs in 10 to 16 years olds during rapid growth when even minor trauma can precipitate its development |
| what is the technique for an AP Pelvis | mAs: 12 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an AP Pelvis "Frog-Leg" | mAs: 12 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an AP Axial "Outlet" - Taylor Method | mAs: 10 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an AP Axial "Inlet" Projection: Pelvis | mAs: 12 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an Posterior Oblique Pevlis -- Acetabulum (RPO)-- Judet Method | mAs: 10 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an Posterior Oblique Pevlis -- Acetabulum (LPO) -- Judet Method | mAs: 10 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an AP hip | mAs: 12 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an Axiolateral inferosuperior (trauma) hip | mAs: 40 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for a Unilateral "Frog-Leg" projection - Mediolateral Hip | mAs: 12 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for an AP Axial Projection Sacroiliac Jts | mAs: 9 kV: 85 |
| what is the technique for a Posterior Oblique (RPO) Sacroiliac Jt | mAs: 12 kV: 80 |
| what is the technique for a Posterior Oblique (LPO) Sacroiliac Jt | mAs: 12 kV: 80 |
| what is the technique for an AP Femur Mid & Distal | mAs: 12 kV: 70 - 80 |
| what is the technique fo/r an AP Femur (Hip) -- Proximal | mAs: 12 kV: 75-85 |
| what is the technique for a Lateral -- Mediolateral or lateromedial Femur -- Mid & Distal | mAs: 7 kV: 70 - 80 |
| what is the technique for a Lateral -- Mediolateral Femur -- Mid & Proximal | mAs: 12 kV: 70 - 80 |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP Pelvis | CR directed midway between level of ASISs and symphysis pubis Approx. 2 inches inferior to level of ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP Pelvis "Frog-Leg" | directed CR to a point 3 inches below level of ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP Axial "Outlet" - Taylor Method | direct CR to a midpoint 1 to 2 inches distal to the superior borderof the symphysis pubis or greater trochanters |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP Axial "Inlet" Projection: Pelvis | direct CR to a midpoint at level to the ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for an Posterior Oblique Pevlis-- Pain in the anterior rim-- Acetabulum (RPO)-- Judet Method | 2 inches distal and 2 inches medial to the downside ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for an Posterior Oblique Pevlis -- Pain in the posterior rim -- Acetabulum (LPO) -- Judet Method | 2 inches distal to the upside ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP hip | CR directed to 1 or 2 inches distal to midfemoral femoral neck |
| where is the location of the central ray for an Axiolateral inferosuperior (trauma) hip | directed CR to femoral neck & to the IR Rotate affected leg 15 to 20 degrees unless contraindicated |
| where is the location of the central ray for a Unilateral "Frog-Leg" projection - Mediolateral Hip | directed to midfemoral neck |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP Axial Projection Sacroiliac Jts | direct CR to a midline point about 2 inches below the level of the ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for a Posterior Oblique (RPO) Sacroiliac Jt | direct the CR to 1 inch medial to the upside ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for a Posterior Oblique (LPO) Sacroiliac Jt | direct the CR to 1 inch medial to the upside ASIS |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP Femur Mid & Distal | CR directed midpoint of IR |
| where is the location of the central ray for an AP Femur (Hip) -- Proximal | place IR top edge level with ASIS. CR directed to midpoint of IR |
| where is the location of the central ray for a Lateral -- Mediolateral or lateromedial Femur -- Mid & Distal | direct CR to femur and IR directed to midpoint of IR |
| where is the location of the central ray for a Lateral -- Mediolateral Femur -- Mid & Proximal | CR perpendicular to femur and directed to midpoint of IR |
| what is the angle of teh CR for females for an AP Axial "Outlet" - Taylor Method | 30 to 45 Degrees Cephalad |
| what is the angle of teh CR for males for an AP Axial "Outlet" - Taylor Method | 20 to 35 Degrees Cephalad |
| what is the angle of the CR for an AP Axial "Inlet" - Taylor Method | 40 degrees caudad |
| what is the angle of the CR for an AP Axial Projection Sacroiliac Jts | 30 to 35 degrees cephala |
| bones that make up the pelvic | 2 hip bones, sacrum, coccyx |
| bones that make up pelvic girdle | 2 hip bones |
| 3 divisions of hip bones | ilium, ischium, pubis |
| when and where do there bones fuse into one | fuse into one bone in midteens, occurs in acetabulum |
| list what makes up the ilium | body, ala or wing, and crest |
| list 2 important positioning landmarks | ASIS and iliac crest |
| false pelvis | general area above or superior to the oblique plane through the pelvic brim |
| true pelvis | are inferior to the plane thru the pelvic brim, cavity is completely surrounded by boney structures |
| state 2 angles of the proximal femur | average adult: 125 degrees 15-20 degree ant angle of the neck and head of the femur |
| explain why the femoral should be inverted (internally rotated) for hip or pelvis radiography | puts the proximal femur and hip joint into a true AP projection |
| alternative landmark for location of the pubic level other than the pubis itself | ASIS and iliac crest |
| describe the correct degree of abduction of the femora in the axiolateral projection unilateral modified (Cleaves method) | 40-45 degrees |
| name the position and projection of the CR which visualizes the si joints bilaterally with one exposure | AP axial si joints |
| point out the differences in central ray angulation for the AP axial projection (taylor method) when the patient is male or female | 20-35 degrees for males, 30-45 degrees for females |
| state the correct relationship between the central ray, femoral neck, and film in the axiolateral projection (Danelius-Miller projection) | CR perpendicular to femoral neck and IR |
| describe two methods for obtaining lateral projections of the hip when the patient cannot be moved from the supine position | Danelius-Miller method: elevate pelvis about 1-2 inches; Clements-Nakayama Method: Angle cassette 15 degrees from vertical, and centered to femoral neck, and angle 15-20 degrees from horizontal |
| list 4 essential parts of the proximal femur | head, neck, greater trochanter, and lesser trochanter |
Created by:
meechthebeech91
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