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AP Psych Ch. 3 A&B
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biological psychology | concerned with the links between biology and behavior |
| neuron | a nerve cell |
| sensory neurons | neurons that carry incoming information |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information |
| interneurons | neurons that intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs |
| dendrite | branching extension of a neuron that receive messages |
| axon | extension of a neuron through which messages are passed |
| myelin sheath | layer of fatty tissue that protects and speeds up impluses |
| 5 action potential | a neural impluse |
| 1 resting potential | ready to go |
| 2 dendrites receive messages | if enough nucleus begins firing |
| 3 depolarization | positive ions come in |
| 4 threshold | the level of simulation required to trigger an impluse |
| 6 release of neurotransmitters | result of action potential |
| 7 hyperpolarization | recharging of the neuron |
| 8 reuptake | vaccuming up of neurotransmitters |
| synapse | gap between axon tip and dendrite |
| neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps |
| ACh | muscle action, learning, memory |
| ACh +/- | extreme muscle movement/spasms, alzheimers |
| Dopamine | emotions, mood |
| Dopamine +/- | schizophrenia, tremors/decreased mobility |
| Serotonin | mood, hunger, sleep |
| Serotonin - | depression |
| Norepinephrine | alertness, arousal |
| Norepinephrine - | depressed mood |
| GABA | inhibitory |
| GABA - | seizures, tremors, insomnia |
| Glutamate | excitatory |
| Glutamate + | overstimulate brain/migraines/seizures |
| Endorphins | pain control, pleasure |
| Agonist | mimics |
| Antagonist | blocks |
| nervous system (consists of) | peripheral & central nervous systems |
| central nervous system (consists of) | brain & spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system (consists of) | autonomic & somatic |
| nerves | bundled axons |
| somatic (controls) | voluntary movements |
| autonomic (controls) | self-regulated actions |
| autonomic (consists of) | sympathetic & parasympathetic |
| sympathetic (controls) | arousal |
| parasympathetic (controls) | calming |
| reflex | automatic response |
| endocrine system | set of glands that secretes hormones into the bloodstream |
| hormones | chemical messengers that affect other tissues |
| adrenal glands | arouse the body during stress |
| pituitary gland | influences endocrine system & regulates growth |
| thyroid gland | metabolism |
| lesion | tissue destruction |
| EEG | recording of waves of electrical activity |
| CT scan | series of X-ray photographs |
| PET scane | display of brain activity from radioactive glucose |
| MRI | uses magnetic fields and radio waves to show brain anatomy |
| fMRI | reveals bloodflow and brain function by comparing MRIs |
| brainstem | where the spinal cord meets the cord |
| medulla | heartbeat and breathing |
| reticular formation | arousal |
| thalamus | sensory switchboard |
| cerebellum | movement and balance |
| limbic system | emotions and drives (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus) |
| amygdala | emotion |
| pons | sleep and dreams |
| hypothalamus | maintenance activities, reward and emotion |
| hippocampus | memory and storage |
| cerebral cortex | control processing center |
| glial cells | support, nourish, and protects neurons |
| frontal lobe | speaking and muscle movements & judgements and personality |
| parietal lobe | touch and body position |
| occipital lobe | visual |
| temporal lobe | auditory |
| motor cortex | voluntary movements |
| sensory cortex | body touch and movement sensations |
| association areas | involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking |
| broca's area | muscle movement and speech |
| wernicke's area | language comprehension and expression |
| angular gyrus | visual representations |
| aphasia | impairment of language |
| plasticity | brain's ability to change |
| neurogenesis | formation of new neurons |
| corpus callosum | neural fibers connecting the brain hemispheres |
| split brain | results from surgery of cutting the neural fibers |
| consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
| cognitive neuroscience | study of brain activity linked with cognition |
| dual processing | information processed on both conscious and unconscious tracks |
| soma | cell body |
| nodes of ranviet | gap between myelin sheath |
| Right hemisphere | creativity |
| left hemisphere | language |
Created by:
jducttape
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