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AP Psych Ch. 3 A&B

TermDefinition
biological psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior
neuron a nerve cell
sensory neurons neurons that carry incoming information
motor neurons neurons that carry outgoing information
interneurons neurons that intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs
dendrite branching extension of a neuron that receive messages
axon extension of a neuron through which messages are passed
myelin sheath layer of fatty tissue that protects and speeds up impluses
5 action potential a neural impluse
1 resting potential ready to go
2 dendrites receive messages if enough nucleus begins firing
3 depolarization positive ions come in
4 threshold the level of simulation required to trigger an impluse
6 release of neurotransmitters result of action potential
7 hyperpolarization recharging of the neuron
8 reuptake vaccuming up of neurotransmitters
synapse gap between axon tip and dendrite
neurotransmitters chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps
ACh muscle action, learning, memory
ACh +/- extreme muscle movement/spasms, alzheimers
Dopamine emotions, mood
Dopamine +/- schizophrenia, tremors/decreased mobility
Serotonin mood, hunger, sleep
Serotonin - depression
Norepinephrine alertness, arousal
Norepinephrine - depressed mood
GABA inhibitory
GABA - seizures, tremors, insomnia
Glutamate excitatory
Glutamate + overstimulate brain/migraines/seizures
Endorphins pain control, pleasure
Agonist mimics
Antagonist blocks
nervous system (consists of) peripheral & central nervous systems
central nervous system (consists of) brain & spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (consists of) autonomic & somatic
nerves bundled axons
somatic (controls) voluntary movements
autonomic (controls) self-regulated actions
autonomic (consists of) sympathetic & parasympathetic
sympathetic (controls) arousal
parasympathetic (controls) calming
reflex automatic response
endocrine system set of glands that secretes hormones into the bloodstream
hormones chemical messengers that affect other tissues
adrenal glands arouse the body during stress
pituitary gland influences endocrine system & regulates growth
thyroid gland metabolism
lesion tissue destruction
EEG recording of waves of electrical activity
CT scan series of X-ray photographs
PET scane display of brain activity from radioactive glucose
MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to show brain anatomy
fMRI reveals bloodflow and brain function by comparing MRIs
brainstem where the spinal cord meets the cord
medulla heartbeat and breathing
reticular formation arousal
thalamus sensory switchboard
cerebellum movement and balance
limbic system emotions and drives (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus)
amygdala emotion
pons sleep and dreams
hypothalamus maintenance activities, reward and emotion
hippocampus memory and storage
cerebral cortex control processing center
glial cells support, nourish, and protects neurons
frontal lobe speaking and muscle movements & judgements and personality
parietal lobe touch and body position
occipital lobe visual
temporal lobe auditory
motor cortex voluntary movements
sensory cortex body touch and movement sensations
association areas involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
broca's area muscle movement and speech
wernicke's area language comprehension and expression
angular gyrus visual representations
aphasia impairment of language
plasticity brain's ability to change
neurogenesis formation of new neurons
corpus callosum neural fibers connecting the brain hemispheres
split brain results from surgery of cutting the neural fibers
consciousness our awareness of ourselves and our environment
cognitive neuroscience study of brain activity linked with cognition
dual processing information processed on both conscious and unconscious tracks
soma cell body
nodes of ranviet gap between myelin sheath
Right hemisphere creativity
left hemisphere language
Created by: jducttape
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