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Vital Signs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a normal respiratory rate | 12-20 breaths per min |
| what is a normal heart rate | 60-100 beats per min |
| systolic | the top number which measures the pressure in the artery when the heart beats |
| diastolic | measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle is resting |
| what is a normal blood pressure | 110-120/70-80 |
| the strentgh (amplitude) of pulse | 4-bounding 3-full, increased 2-normal 1-diminished 0-absent |
| bradycardia | slower than normal heart rate <60 beats per min |
| tachycardia | faster than normal heart rate >100 beats per min |
| hypotension | low blood pressure, which can cause dizziness or fainting <90/60 |
| hypertension | high blood pressure, which can cause heart disease >140/90 |
| Breathing Pattern: eupnea | normal rate (12-20), normal rhythm, Sigh 7/hr causes: normal physiology |
| Breathing Pattern: apnea | absence of breathing causes: respiratory or cardiac arrest, increase intracarnial pressure |
| Breathing Pattern: bradypnea | slow rate (<10 bpm), regular rhythm causes:normal during sleep, brain tumors, diabetic coma, drugs (alchol narcotics), increased intracranial pressure, metabolic alkalosis |
| Breathing Pattern: tachypnea | increased rate (>25 bpm), regular rhythm causes: anxiety, atelectasis, brain lesions, drugs (aspirin), exercise, fear, fever, hypercapnia, hypoxemia, hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, obesity, pain |
| Breathing Pattern: hypopnea | decreased depth of breathing, normal rate, regular rhythm causes: circulatory failure, meningitis, unconsciousness |
| Breathing Pattern: hyperpnea | increased depth of breathing, normal rate, regular rhythm causes: exertion, fever, pain, respiratory disease |
| Breathing Pattern: apneustic | long gasping inspirations with insufficient expiration causes: lesions in the pneumotaxic center |
| Breathing Pattern: biot's | fast and deep breaths with periods of apnea, no set rhythm causes: spinal meningitis, increased intracranial pressure, CNS lesions or disease |
| Breathing Pattern: cheynes stokes | increased breaths (rate and depth) then decreasing breaths followed by periods of apnea (20-60 sec) causes: normal newborns and aged, CHF, aortic valve lesion, dissecting aneurysm, increased CO2 sensitivity meningitis, increased intracranial pressure |
| Breathing Pattern: kussmaul's | fast and deep breaths like sighs with no expiratory phase causes: DKA- diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hemorrhage, peritonitis, renal failure, uremia |
| Pulse Oximeter | noninvasely estimates the hemoglobin oxygen saturation of arterial bloold, they have an accuracy of ±4%, most only measure the percentage of HbO2 relative to the sum of HbO2 and Hb (functional saturation) |
| Types of Pulse Oximetry Probes: | finer probe, foot probe, toe probe, forehead probe, ear probe |
| Normal Pulse Oximetry (SpO2) for and adult and child | adult: 95-99% child:91-96% |
| SpO2 for Hypoxemia in an Adult | mild: 91-94% moderate: 87-90% severe: <87% |
| SpO2 for Hypoxemia in a Child | mild: 88-90% moderate: 76-87% severe: <75% |
| normal oral temperature | 97.7- 99.5 F 36.5- 37.5 C |
| normal axillary temperatue | 96.7- 98.5 F 35.9- 36.9 C |
| normal rectal and ear temperature | 98.7- 100 F 37.1- 38.1 C |
| can cool or heated aerosols affect a temperature reading? | yes it can |
Created by:
Barbara B.
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