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Geog1122
Vocab Chapt 3&4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1. culture | the way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, |
| 2. population density | the average number of people living in a given area |
| 3. birthrate | the number of lives born each year per 1,000 people |
| 4. immigrant | a person who moves into a country |
| 5. emmigrant | a person who leaves a country to live elsewhere |
| 6. urbanization | the growth of city populations |
| 7. rural | of, or characteristics of the countryside |
| 8. culture hearth | a place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures |
| 9. cultural convergence | the contact and interaction of one culture with another |
| 10. diffusion | the process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or individual to another |
| 11. cultural divergence | the restriction of a culture from outside influences |
| 12. sovereignty | a country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions |
| 13. unitary system | a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power |
| 14. federation | a government structure in which some powers in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments |
| 15. confederation | a system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government |
| 15. confederation | a system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government |
| 16. authoritarian | descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political unit with limited self government |
| 17. dictatorship | a system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one |
| 18. totalilarianism | a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society |
| 19. monarchy | a system of authorization government headed by a monarch- a king, queen, shah, or sultan- whose position is usually inherited |
| 20. democracy | a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy |
| 21. traditional economy | an economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy |
| 22. market economy | an economic system in which decisions about production, price,and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand |
| 23. command economy | an economic system that is controlled by a single central government |
| 24. Natural resource | a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs |
| 25. Renewable resource | a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace ass it is used |
| 26. Nonrenewable resource | a natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used |
| 27. Fossil fuel | any one of several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel |
| 28. Nuclear energy | a type of energy produced by fission-- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor, releasing stored energy |
| 29. Water power | energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity |
| 30. Geothermal energy | energy produced from the earths intense interior heat |
| 31. Solar energy | energy produced by the sun |
| 32. primary economic activity | an economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining |
| 33. subsistence farming | farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village |
| 34. commercial farming | the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets |
| 35. secondary economic activity | an economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value |
| 36. cottage industry | a small scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near peoples homes |
| 37. commercial industry | a large scale manufacturing operation that employed many people and produces large quantities of goods |
| 38. tertiary economic activity | an economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials bujt pursue activities that serve others; service industry |
| 39. quaternary economic activity | n economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, porocessing, and sharing of information, such ass education or research |
| 40. export | an item that is sent out of country for sale |
| 41. import | an item that is brought into the country for sale |
Created by:
hollywest
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