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RT 230 Ch 1,2
Pathology for RTs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acute | Having a quick onset and lasting a short period of time with a relatively severe course |
| Asymptomatic | showing or causing no identifiable symptoms |
| Acute | Having a quick onset and lasting a short period of time with a relatively severe course |
| Asymptomatic | showing or causing no identifiable symptoms |
| Atrophy | a reduction in size or wasting of cells, tissues, or organs as a result of poor nutrition or nonuse |
| Carcinoma | a malignant growth composed of epithelial cells that tends to invade surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases |
| Autoimmune disorders | disease in which antibodies form against and injure the pt's own tissue, in contrast to the normal process in which antibodies form in response to foreign antigens |
| Chronic | presenting slowly and persisting over a long period of time |
| Congenital | existing at, and usually before, birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors |
| Debridement | removal of dead cells and materials |
| Benign neoplasm | refers to a localized and generally noninvasive lesion |
| Degenerative | refers to deterioration of the body usually associated with the aging process |
| Carcinoma | a malignant growth composed of epithelial cells that tends to invade surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases |
| Diagnosis | the name of a disease an individual is believed to have |
| Chronic | presenting slowly and persisting over a long period of time |
| Dysplasia | abnormal tissue development |
| Epidemiology | the investigation of disease in large groups |
| Congenital | existing at, and usually before, birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors |
| Debridement | removal of dead cells and materials |
| Degenerative | refers to deterioration of the body usually associated with the aging process |
| Destructive disease process | decreases the normal tissue density |
| Diagnosis | the name of a disease an individual is believed to have |
| Disease | any abnormal disturbance of the normal function or structure of a body part, organ, or system |
| Dysplasia | abnormal tissue development |
| Hypertrophy | is a generalized increase in cell size |
| Epidemiology | the investigation of disease in large groups |
| Iatrogenic | pertains to any adverse condition that occurs in a patient as a result of medical treatment |
| Etiology | the study of the cause and origin of disease |
| Idiopathic | having no identifiable causative factor |
| Hematogenous spread | spread thru the blood |
| Incidence | a statistical measure that refers to the number of new cases of a disease found in a given time period |
| Hereditary | genetically transferred from either parent to child and derived from ancestors |
| Infection | an inflammatory process caused by exposure to some disease causing organism |
| Hyperplasia | is an increase in the number of cells in tissue as a result of excessive proliferation |
| Invasion | when cancerous cells spread into surrounding tissue by virtue of the close proximity of the areas |
| Homeostasis | the body's normal, internal resting state of eqilibrium |
| Hypertrophy | is a generalized increase in cell size |
| Iatrogenic | pertains to any adverse condition that occurs in a patient as a result of medical treatment |
| Idiopathic | having no identifiable causative factor |
| Incidence | a statistical measure that refers to the number of new cases of a disease found in a given time period |
| Infection | an inflammatory process caused by exposure to some disease causing organism |
| Invasion | when cancerous cells spread into surrounding tissue by virtue of the close proximity of the areas |
| Metabolism | is the sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body |
| Lesion | general term used to describe the various types of cellular change that can occur in response to a disease |
| Leukemia | a malignant disease of the leukocytes and their precursor cells in the blood and bone marrow |
| Lymphoma | neoplastic growth in the lymphatic system |
| Lymphatic spread | spread thru the lymphatic system |
| Malignant neoplasm | refers to a lesion that grows, spreads, and invades other tissues |
| Manifestations | observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process |
| Metabolism | is the sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body |
| Metaplasia | is a conversion of one cell type into another cell type that is not normal for that tissue |
| Metastatic spread | the spread of cancer cells |
| Morbidity rate | the incidence in the population of illness sufficient to interfere with an individual's normal daily routine |
| Mortality rate | the number of deaths from a particular disease averaged over a population |
| Neoplastic | pertaining to new, abnormal tissue growth |
| Nosocomial | refers to diseases acquired in or from a health care environment |
| Pathogenesis | development of disease |
| Prevalence | a statistical measure that refers to the number of cases of a disease found in a given population |
| Prognosis | the prediction of course and outcome for a given disease |
| Sarcoma | a type of tumor, often highly malignant, composed of a substance like embryonic connective tissue |
| Sclerotic disease process | increase in normal tissue density |
| Seeding | the traveling of cancerous cells to a distant site or distant organ |
| Sign | an objective manifestations of disease perceptible to the managing physician, as opposed to subjective symptoms perceived by the patient |
| Symptom | any subjective evidence of a disease as perceived by a patient |
| Syndrome | a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a specific abnormal disturbance |
| Traumatic | pertaining to the effects of a wound or injury, whether physical or psychic |
| Virulence | the ease with which an organism overcomes body defenses |
| Albers-Schonberg disease | a form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis; a benign skeletal anomaly that involves increased bone density in conjunction with fairly normal bone contour |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | a form of rheumatoid arthritis of unknown cause that effects the spine in a progressive fashion, eventually fusing the spine into a rigid block of bone |
| Arthritis | inflammation in which lesions are confined to the joints |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the bursae of the tendons, with the subdeltoid bursa as the most common site |
| Cancellous bone | refers to the spongy, lattice-like structure of bone filled by bone marrow |
| Chondrosarcoma | a malignant bone tumor composed of atypical cartilage |
| Clubfoot | deformity of the foot involving the talus |
| Compact bone | refers to the dense, outer portion of bone |
| Developmental dysplasia of the hip | a malformation of the acetabulum , acetabulum does not completely form, the head of the femur is displaced superiorly and posteriorly |
| Diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| Diploe | the spongy bone tissue found between the two tables of the cranial bones |
| E. coli (escherichia) | species of ameba normally found in the upper intestinal tract |
| Epiphysis | an ossification or growth center in the bones of children |
| Ewing's sarcoma | a primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindric bones, occurs mainly in 5 to 15 year olds |
| Exostosis | a benign bone growth, projecting outward from the bony cortex |
| Ganglion | cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath, usually on the back of the wrist |
| Giant cell tumor (GCT) | a neoplastic growth of the skeletal system consisting of numerous multinucleated osterclastic giant cells, also called osteoclastoma |
| Gouty arthritis | an inherited, metabolic disorder with excess amounts of uric acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone, most commonly in the metataursophalangeal joint of the great toe |
| Involucrum | a shell or sheath of new supporting bone laid down by periosteum around a sequestrum of necrosed bone |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | Still's disease, affects children under 16 and is similar to adult RA. |
| Medullary canal | inner spongy or cancellous portion of a long bone where bone marrow is produced |
| Metaphysis | the growing portion of bone |
| Osteoartritis | noninflammatory degeneration joint disease occurring mainly in older persons, producing gradual deterioration of the joint cartilage |
| Osteoblasts | the bone-forming cells responsible for bone growth, ossification, and regeneration |
| Osteochondroma | a benign tumor of adult bone capped by cartilage |
| Osteoclastoma | a tumor that is usually benign and characterized by osteolytic areas |
| Osteoclasts | cells that are associated with absorption and removal of bone |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | a congenital disease in which the bones are abnormally brittle and subject to fracture |
| Osteoma | benign bone tumor most commonly located in the skull, with dense bone tissue that usually objects into the orbits or paranasal sinuses |
| Osteomyelitis | infection of bone, most often caused by staphylococcus, which may localize or spread to the bone to involve the marrow and other bone tissues |
| Osteopetrosis | a hereditary disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, likely as a result of faulty bone resorption |
| Osteosarcoma | a primary malignancy of bone usually arising in the metaphysis, most commonly around the knee, arises from osteoblasts |
| Polydactyly | the presence of more than five digits |
| Pott's disease | a fracture of the lower part of the fibula involving both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | a chronic, systemic disease primarily of joints, characterized by an overgrowth of synovial tissues, and articular structures and progressive destruction of cartilage, bone, and supporting structures |
| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Sequestrum | a piece of dead, devascularized bone that separates from living bone during the process of necrosis |
| Spina bifida | a developmental anomaly characterized by incomplete closure of the vertebral canal, thru which the choriomeninges may or may not protrude |
| Spondylolisthesis | L5-S1. forward displacement of one vertebra over another, usually caused by a developmental defect in the pars interarticularis |
| Spondylolysis | a condition marked by a cleft or breaking down of the body of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes |
| Syndactyly | a webbing or fusion of digits |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| Tenosynovitis | inflammation of a tendon and its sheath |
| Trabeculae | weblike bony structure |
| Trabecular pattern | trabeculae is visible on a properly exposed radiograph of the skeletal system |
| Tuberculosis | any of the infectious disease of man and animal caused by mycobaterium tuberculosis, generally affecting the lungs in the human body |
| Whiplash | hyperextention-flexion injury of the spine |
| Craniosynostosis | congenital anomaly, premature or early closure of any cranial sutures |
| Primary sites for metastatic bone cancer? | Breast, lung, prostate, kidney, thyroid, and the bowel |
| Is bone mainly a primary or secondary tumor site? | Secondary |
| What tumors are benign? | Osteochondroma and Osteoma |
| What tumor can be benign or malignant? | Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) |
| What tumors are malignant? | Osteosarcome, Ewing's tumor, Chondrosarcoma |
| What imaging that shows whether pathology is new or old, metabolic process, look at whole body at once? | Nuclear Medicine |
| What imaging is imaging of choice for soft tissue tumors, superior contrast resolution, superior bone? | MRI |
| What imaging is fast and non-invasive and has good bone detail? | CT |
| What imaging detects bone mass and bone density? | DEXA (bone mineral densitometry |
Created by:
Chrslarsen
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