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Chapter 3-4 Vocab
World Geography
Term | Definition |
---|---|
1. Culture | the way of life that distinguishes a people for example, government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs. |
2. Population Density | the average number of people living in a given area |
3. Birthrate | the number of live births each year per 1000 people |
4. Immigrant | a person who moves into a country |
5. Emigrant | a person who leaves a country to live elsewhere |
6. Urbanization | the growth of city populations |
7. Rural | of, or characteristics of the countryside |
8. Culture Hearth | a place in which important ideas begin |
9. Cultural Convergence | the contact and interaction of one culture with another |
10. Diffusion | the process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or individual to another |
11. Cultural Divergence | the restriction of a culture from outside influences |
12. Natural Resources | a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs |
13. Renewable Resources | a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used |
14. Nonrenewable Resources | a natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used |
15. Fossil Fuel | any one of the several nonrenewable resources mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel |
16. Nuclear Energy | a type of energy produced by fission- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor releasing stored energy |
17. Water Power | energy produced by falling water to move machinery or generate electricity |
18. Geothermal Energy | energy produced from the earths intense interior heat |
19. Solar Energy | energy produced by the sun |
20. Sovereignty | A country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions. |
21. Unitary System | A system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power. |
22. Federation | A government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments. |
23. Confederation | A system of government in which individual political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power. |
24. Authoritarian | Descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all political power. |
25. Dictatorship | A system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person. |
26. Totalitarianism | A system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society. |
27. Monarchy | A system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch, whose position is usually inherited. |
28. Democracy | A system of government in which the people are invested with the power |
29. Traditional Economy | An economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a substance economy. |
30. Market Economy | An economic system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand. |
31. Command Economy | An economic system that is controlled by a single central government. |
32. Primary Economic Activity | An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as a fishing or mining. |
33. Subsistence Farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village. |
34. Commercial Farming | The raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets. |
35. Secondary Economic Activity | An economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value. |
36. Cottage Industry | A small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near people's homes. |
37. Commercial Industry | The raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets. |
38. Tertiary Economic Activity | The raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets. |
39. Quaternary Economic Activity | An economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research. |
40. Export | An item that is sent out of the country for sale. |
41. Import | An item that is brought into the country for sale. |