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Pathology Ch.3(Resp)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The most common type of lung pathology of hospitalized patients? | Pulmonary Embolism |
| Which tumor is more likely to occur in the anterior compartment of the mediastinum? | Thyoma |
| Causes of Diaphragm Elevation | Ascites, Obesity, Pregnancy, Any other process in which the intra-abdominal volume is increased. |
| Rare congenital abnormaility in which one hemidiaphragm is poorly developed. | Eventration of the diaphragm |
| Caused by any process that interferes with the phrenic nerve | Diaphraghmatic Paralysis |
| Disorders of the diaphragm | Diaphragmatic paralysis, eventration of the diaphragm and other causes of elevation of the diaphragms |
| Posterior Mediastinal Masses | Neurogenic tumors, neurogenic cysts, aneurysms of the descending aorta, extramedullary hematopioiesis |
| Middle Mediastinal Masses | Lymph node disorders, bronchogenic cysts, vascular anomalies, masses in the anterior costophrenic angle |
| Anterior Medistinal Masses | Thyomas, Tetratomas, Thyroid masses, Lipomas, Lyphoma |
| What are the three compartments of the mediastinum | Anterior, Middle and Posterior |
| A rare accumulation of infected liquid or frank pus in the pleural cavity. | Empyema |
| Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, | Pleural Effusion |
| Presence of air in the pleural cavity, resulting in a partial or complete collapse of the lung. | Pneumothorax |
| Disorders of the pleura | Pneumothorax, Pleural Effusion, Empyema |
| Free air in the tissues of the chest wall | Subcutaneous Emphysema |
| Defined as air within the mediastinum | Mediastinal Emphysema (Pneumomediastinum) |
| Aspiration of solid foreign bodies into the tracheobronchial tree, occurs almost exclusively in young children | Intrabronchial Foreign bodies |
| In Intrabronchial foreign bodies, which lung is affected most? | Right |
| Lung structure breaks down with massive leakage of cells and fluid into the interstitial and alveolar spaces | Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| ARDS is commonly known as | "shock lung" |
| A condition in which there is diminished air within the lung associated with reduces lung volume | Atelectasis |
| An abnormal vascular communication between a pulmonary artery and vein | Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula |
| A bacteria "shower" that enters pulmonary circulation then gets trapped in the lung | Septic Embolism |
| Primary function of the respiratory system? | The intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood |
| What is the smalled functional unit of the respiratory system where the actual gas exchange occurs | Alveoli |
| Congenital/Hereditary diseases of the respiratory system | Cystic fibrosis, hyaline membrane disease |
| The secretion of excessively viscous mucus by all exocrine glands. Also affects the pancreas and digestive system. | Cystic Fibrosis |
| What causes Cystic Fibrosis | A defective gene in the middle of chromosome 7 |
| One of the most common causes of respiratory distress in newborns | Hyaline Membrane Disease |
| Hyaline Membrane Disease is also know as | Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
| Inflammatory Disorders of the Respiratory System | Croup, Epiglottitis |
| Primarily a viral infection of young children that produces inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the subglottic portion of the trachea | Croup |
| Croup is characterized by what | Barking cough |
| Most commonly caused by haemophilus influenzae in children. Causes thickening of epiglottic tissue and the surrounding pharyngeal structures | Epiglottitis |
| Inflammatory Disorders of the lower Respiratory System | Pneumonia, anthrax, lung abscess, pulmonary mycosis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
| Inflammation of the lung(s) that can be caused by a variety of organisms, most commonly bacteria and viruses | Pneumonia |
| What are the 3 radiographic appearances of pneumonia | Alveolar, or air space pheumonia, bronchopneumonia, or interstitial pneumonia |
| Caused by Bacullus Anthracis. Easily transmitted and highly fatal. Can survive in the soil for decades without and host. | Anthrax |
| What are the 3 ways to contract Anthrax? | Cutaneous-most common, inhalation-usually fatal without prompt treatment and Gastrointestinal-caused by ingestion of contaminated meat |
| Necrotic area of pulmonaryparenchyma containing purulent(pus-like material) | Lung Abcess |
| What is the most common cause of Lung Abcess | Aspiration |
| A rod-shaped bacterium with a protective waxy coat that permits it to live outside the body for a long time | Tuberculosis |
| How is Tuberculosis mainly spread? | Droplets in the air |
| A fungal infection of the lung | Pulmonary Mycosis |
| What is the most common system fungal infections in North america? | Histoplasmosis |
| What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis. | Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
| Causes necrosis of the respiratory epithelium of bronchi and bronchioles | Respiratory Syncytial Virus |
| SARS is an acronym for what? | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome |
| How is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome transmitted? | Direct or droplet contact |
| Diffuse Lung Diseases | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Sarcoidosis, Pneumoconiosis |
| Includes severe condition in which chronic obstruction of the airways leads to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases and makes breathing difficult. | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
| A multi system granulomatous disease of unknown cause that is most often detected in young adults. | Sarcoidosis |
| A severe pulmonary disease caused by inhalation of irritating particles. | Pneumoconiosis |
| Most common types of Pneumoconiosis | Asbestosis, Slicosis, anthracosis |
| Which of these is also known as "coal miners disease" | anthracosis |
| Low grade malignant lesions | Bronchial Adenoma |
| What are the most common symptoms of Bronchial Adenoma? | hemoptysis, recurring pneumonia |
| Neoplasms of the Respiratory System | Solitary pulmonary nodule, Bronchial Adenoma, Bronchogenic Carcinoma, Pulmonary Metastases |
| Asymptomatic, Incidental finding on CXR. Problematic in that it could represent benign granuloma, small neoplasm or solitary metastasis | Solitary Pulmonary Nodule |
| Primary carcinoma of the lung. Arises from the mucosa of the bronchial tree | Bronchogenic Carcinoma |
| Most common type of bronchogenic carcinoma | Squamous carcinoma |
| Develops from hematogenous or lymphatic spread | Pulmonary Metastases |
| Vascular diseases of the respiratory system | Pulmonary embolism, septic embolism and pulmonary Arteriovenous fistula |
Created by:
robang6977
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