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Module 7 (Head)
Anatomy of the Head
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dividing line b/w neurocranium and facial skeleton runs from... | eyebrow to head of mandible |
| What bone of the skull contains greater and lesser wings? | sphenoid |
| What bone forms the cribiform plate and perpendicular plat? | Ethboid |
| What bone contains the foramen magnum? | Occipital |
| What bone forms the pterygoid process? | sphenoid |
| The two dividing lines forming the boarders of the cranial base run from... | 1. top of forehead to occipital protuberance 2. eyebrow to mastoid process |
| The calvaria is superior to... | the cranial base |
| What region is inferior to the cranial base? | facial skeleton |
| Bregma | intersection of frontal and sagittal sutures |
| Lambda | intersection of occipital bone and R/L parietal bones |
| Squamous suture | intersection of parietal and squamous portion of temporal bones |
| Together, the ethmoid bone and the vomer form... | the nasal septum |
| What bone constitutes the hard pallate? | palatine bone |
| The sqaumous suture lies between... | parietal and temporal bones |
| The frontal suture lies between... | frontal and temporal bones |
| The lambdoid suture lies between... | parietal and occipital bones |
| Pterion | intersection of frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones (all cranial bones except occipital bone) |
| The sella turcica contains ___ and is part of the ___ bone | pituitary gland, sphenoid bone |
| Anterior cranial fossa (internal boarders) | lesser wing, cribiform plate |
| Foramina of cribiform plate (CN) | CN 1 |
| optic canal (CN) | CN 2 |
| Superior orbital fissure (CN) | CN 3, 4, 6, V1 |
| Foramen rotundum (CN) | V2 of CN 5 |
| Foramen ovale (CN) | V3 of CN 5 |
| Internal acoustic meatus (CN) | CN 7 and 8 |
| Jugular foramen (CN) | CN 9, 10, 11 |
| Hypoglossal canal (CN) | CN 12 |
| Foramen magnum (CN and other structures) | Roots of CN 11, medulla oblongata of B stem |
| What passes through the carotid canal? | ICA |
| The mastoid process is part of what cranial bone? | temporal |
| The styloid process is part of what cranial bone? | temporal |
| Nasion | junction of 2 nasal bones |
| Bones that form the zygomatic arch... | zygomatic and temporal bones |
| V1 passes through | Superior orbital fissure |
| V2 passes through | foramen rotundum |
| V3 passes through | foramen ovale |
| Supraorbital notch (CN) | branch of V1 |
| Infraorbital foramen (CN) | branch of V2 |
| Mental foramen (CN) | branch of V3 |
| Occipitofrontalis (Act) | elevate eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi (Act) | closes eyes |
| Orbicularis oculi (palpebral; act.) | gently closes eyes |
| Orbicularis oculi (orbital; act.) | tightly closes eyes |
| Nasalis (Act) | flares nostrils ("draws sides of nose toward nasal septum") |
| Levator labii superioris (Act) | Elevate upper lip |
| Orbicularis oris (Act) | Purse lips (kiss) |
| Mentalis (Act) | protrude lower lip (pout) |
| All muscles of the face are innervated by... | CN 7 (facial nerve) |
| Bell's Palsy | injury to CN 7 -> paralysis of facial muscles |
| 3 major branches of ECA | Facial, maxillary, superficial temporal artery |
| What CN innervates the skin of the face? | CN 5 (trigeminal nerve) |
| Levator palpebrae superioris (Act) | raises upper eyelid |
| Path of tears from lacrimal gland | lacrimal gland -> lacrimal lake -> lacrimal punctum -> lacrimal canaliculi -> lacrimal sac -> nasolacrimal duct -> inferior meatus |
| Conjuctiva | transparent layer that covers the anterior eye (is continuous with the inner eyelid) -- on eye = bulbar conjuctiva; on inner eyelid = palpebrae conjuctiva |
| conjuctivitis | inflammation of conjuctiva (redness) |
| Sclera | outer white layer of eye 5/6 |
| Cornea | overlays lens and iris externally 1/6 |
| Ciliary body connects... | choroid with iris |
| Choroid lines... | most of the sclera (deep) |
| Ciliary process secretes... | aqueous humor |
| Anterior chamber lies b/w | cornea and iris/pupil |
| Posterior chamber lies b/w | iris/pupil and ciliary body |
| The Canal of Schlemm drains... | aqueous humor |
| Impaired drainage of aqueous humor leads to | glaucoma |
| Ciliary muscle (Act) | focus lens |
| In the center of macula lutea lies... | fovea centralis (highest acuity) |
| Eye muscles (CN 3) | superior/inferior/medial rectus (all but lateral rectus), inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris |
| Eye muscles (CN 4) | superior oblique |
| Eye muscles (CN 6) | lateral rectus |
| CN 3 innervates all eye muscles except for... | superior oblique, lateral rectus |
| Lateral rectus (N) | CN 6 |
| Superior oblique (N) | CN 4 |
| Boundaries of nasal cavity (floor, roof, medial wall, lateral wall) | fl: palatine bone + maxilla, roof: cribiform plate, med wall: perpendicular plate, lat wall: nasal conchae |
| What sinus lies b/w nasal cavity and orbit? | ethmoid sinus |
| What sinus lies w/in the frontal bone? | frontal sinus |
| What sinus lies w/in the maxilla? | maxillary sinus |
| What sinus lies w/in the sphenoid? | sphenoidal sinus |
| Most common sinus infected? | maxillary sinus |
| Tooth pain may be a sign of infection of the... | maxillary sinus |
| Saying "ahh" tests what structure + nerve? | Uvula and CN 9 |
| Anterior 2/3 of tongue | lingual papillae |
| Posterior 1/3 of tongue | lingual tonsils |
| Genioglossus (N) | CN 12 |
| Mumps -> inflammation of... | parotid gland |
| Aqueous humor flows from the __ chamber to the __ chamber | Posterior chamber -> anterior chamber |
| Test for CN 6 palsy | cannot rotate eye laterally |
| Order external -> internal (ear bones) | Maleus, incus, stapes |
| What connects the middle ear tot he nasopharynx? | auditory (eustachian) tube |
| Covering layers of brain (superficial -> deep) | dura, arachnoid, pia mater |
| Sub-arachnoid space contains... | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| What enters the carotid canal? | ICA |
| CSF fluid flows... | lat ventricle -> third vent -> cerebral aquaduct -> fourth vent -> subarachnoid space |
| Vertebral artery enters skull via | foramen magnum |
| Vertebral arteries unite to form | Basilar artery |
| Muscles of mastication (N) | V3 of CN 5 |
| Muscles of mastication | temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid (some lat pterygoid) |
| TMJ movement | rotation, translation |
Created by:
cbaweiss
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