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FinalExamVocab
Final Exam Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biology | the science that studies living organisms |
| zoology | A branch of biology that is concerned with the scientific study of animals |
| entomology | the branch of zoology that studies insects |
| paleontology | the branch of biology that studies the forms of life that existed in former geologic periods |
| herpetology | the branch of zoology concerned with reptiles and amphibians |
| lepidoptology | the branch of entomology dealing with insects that includes the butterflies, skippers, and moths |
| astronomy | the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole |
| geology | a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks |
| seismology | the study of earthquakes and the interior of the Earth |
| physics | the science of matter and energy and their interactions |
| quasar | the highly luminous core of a remote galaxy, thought to be powered by a supermassive black hole |
| superconductors | materials that lose all resistance to the flow of current at low temperatures |
| milli- | one-thousandth |
| nano- | one-billionth |
| micro- (μ) | one-millionth |
| significant figures | the number of digits in a number, starting from the first non-zero digit and including final zeros (eg 0,0012340 has 5 significant figures) |
| element | a pure substance made up of only one kind of atom |
| mixture | two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined |
| kinetic theory | a theory that gases consist of small particles in random motion |
| renewable | resources able to be sustained or renewed indefinitely, either because of inexhaustible supplies or because of new growth |
| compound | a substance made up of two or more elements that are combined chemically |
| Boyle’s Law | a statement of the relationship between the pressure and volume of a constant amount of gas at constant temperature: P = 1/V |
| nucleus | the core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons, which contains most of its mass |
| evaporation | the process by which a liquid changes to a gas or vapor |
| H20 | the chemical equation for the compound water |
| oxide | a compound of oxygen with one or more metallic elements |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Bohr model | the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus -- similar in structure to the solar system |
| modern atomic model | (blank) |
| inert | the word inert is used to describe the elements in group eight. They all have enough electrons to fill their outer shell. Inert gases are very non-reactive |
| covalent bonds | a chemical bond formed when two atoms share two electrons (usually involving gasses) |
| noble gas | the elements in the furthest right column of the periodic table, they all have filled outer shells and are very non-reactive |
| isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons |
| exothermic | a chemical reaction in which heat is released |
| plates | rigid slabs that make up the Earth's crust |
| metamorphic rock | rock that has been physically altered by heat and/or pressure |
| igneous rock | rock formed when molten (melted) materials harden |
| sedimentary rock | rock formed by layers of material that has accumulated and hardened over time |
| lithosphere | the uppermost layer of the earth, which consists of all solid rock. It includes both the crust and the upper mantle |
| Wegener’s theory | German geophysicist who proposed the theory of continental drift |
| erosion | removal of weathered rocks by moving water, wind, ice, or gravity |
| conductivity | the ability of a material to transfer energy from one place to another. Thermal conductivity describes a substances ability to transmit heat. Electrical conductivity describes a substances ability to transmit electrical current |
| galaxy | a cluster of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity, often containing billions of stars |
| concentration | number of molecules of a substance in a given volume |
| fusion | a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy |
| force formula | Force = mass * acceleration |
| Newton’s 3rd Law | for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Newton’s 1st Law | an object in motion will remain in motion and an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by another force |
| Inertia | the tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest, and of an object in motion to remain in motion |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed- only changed from one form to another |
| Kinetic energy | energy that an object has a result of its motion. Mathematically, it is defined as one-half the product of the object's mass and the square of its speed |
| Potential energy | energy stored in an object due to its position. Mathematically it is defined as the object’s mass * gravitational acceleration (9.81) * height above ground |
| Work | the energy resulting from a force acting to move an object over a distance. Work = Force x distance |
| Reflection | the change in direction (or return) of waves striking a surface, if surface is a plane then the angle of reflection is also the angle of incidence |
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adotson
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