Question 1

Pro-social behaviour

Accepted Answer

Pro-social behaviour is a behaviour that is carried out with the benefit of helping another individual. 
E.g. Helping someone who is hurt.

Question 2

Bystander effect (situational factor)

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect is when people that surround a situation get involved.
E.g. Someone getting involved in a bullying situation to stop it.

Question 3

Bystander intervention (situational factor)

Accepted Answer

The more people present in a situation, the less likely someone is to help.
E.g. Kitty Genovese.

Question 4

Social norms (social factor)

Accepted Answer

A social norm means the type of behaviour that individuals usually abides by because it’s deemed acceptable in society. 
E.g. Not being racist, because it is not acceptable in society.

Question 5

Reciprocity principle (social factor)

Accepted Answer

Tendency to help others that have helped us, or to help others if they will help us. 
E.g. We would open the door for someone, because they did it for us or would do it for us.

Question 6

Social responsibility norm (social factor)

Accepted Answer

Social responsibility is the theory that everyone has a responsibility to society. 
E.g. Policemen have the responsibility to help keep law and order.

Question 7

Empathy (personal factor)

Accepted Answer

The ability to understand and experience situations and emotions from another person’s perspective. 
E.g. Being able to understand how someone feels when a family member has died, because you’ve been in that same situation.

Question 8

Mood (personal factor)

Accepted Answer

The temporary and situation-specific emotional state you are in may affect your behaviour in a social situation.
E.g. You are more likely to help someone if you are in a good mood, rather than bad.

Question 9

Competence (personal factor)

Accepted Answer

Competence is the ability to be able to do something physically and intellectually. 
E.g. Being competent at your job because you are qualified.

Question 10

Altruism

Accepted Answer

Altruism means having a selfless concern for the well-being others.
E.g. Choosing to work with elderly people.

Question 11

Anti-social behaviour:

Accepted Answer

Behaviour that is intended to damage interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesirable. 
E.g. Murdering someone.

Question 12

Diffusion of responsibility (factor influencing anti-social behaviour):

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility means assuming someone else will help in a situation when another is needing assistance. 
E.g. Not helping someone who isn’t your friend because you assume that his or her friends will help instead.

Question 13

Audience inhibition (factor influencing anti-social behaviour):

Accepted Answer

Audience inhibition is avoiding helping others when other people are around incase of embarrassment by helping someone who is actually okay. 
E.g. Not wanting to help someone who fell over, because they might be fine and be able to handle themselves.

Question 14

Cost-benefit analysis (factor influencing anti-social behaviour):

Accepted Answer

Cost-benefit analysis means weighing up the positive and negative outcomes of a situation to help our decision.
E.g. Wanting to go to a party, but deciding not too because you have a lot of homework and an upcoming test.

Question 15

Social learning theory (bandura):

Accepted Answer

The social learning theory is the idea that behaviours are learned off others and will occur as a result of being rewarded or punished for them. 
E.g. If you are punished for swearing, you will less likely swear again.

Question 16

Modelling:

Accepted Answer

A form of learning whereby we observe the behaviours of others and then replicate it.
E.g. Having manners because your parents do.

Question 17

Aggression:

Accepted Answer

Any behaviour intended to cause physical or psychological harm to a person, animal or object. 
E.g. Getting into a brawl.

Question 18

Ethological approach (aggression):

Accepted Answer

Suggests that all living creatures, including humans, have a tendency towards aggression; an aggressive instinct.

Question 19

Biological approach (aggression):

Accepted Answer

The biological approach is that idea that aggressive behaviour all depends on genetics.

Question 20

Psychodynamic approach (aggression):

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach is the idea that our aggressive behaviours are most usually unconscious.

Question 21

Social learning approach (aggression)

Accepted Answer

The social learning approach is a theory that explains aggressive traits are learned from family and peers.

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Psych Chp 10