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Stack #133746
| Question | Answer | uses | moa | clinical pearl | drug category | Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| generic name for vaseretic | enalapril;HCTZ | hypertension | enalapril: XACE, Xconversion of AT-I to II; HCTZ: XNa+ reabsorbtion in kidney, increases na+ and water excretion | advantage of combo therapy - improved compliance and synergistic decrease in blood pressure | cardiovascular - antihypertensive | tablet |
| generic name for monopril | fosinopril | hypertension, post - MI LV dysfunction | X ACE, BLOCKS conversion of angiotension-I to II which increases renin activity thereby decreases aldosterone secretion | BBW: death to fetus 2nd/3rd trimester. cough associated with ACE-I due to increase in bradykinin | cardiovascular - ACE inhibitor | tablet |
| generic name for monopril-HCT | fosinopril HCTZ | hypertension | X ACE ,X conversion of AT-I to II ; HCTZ: X Na+ reabsorption in kidney, increase Na+ and water excretion | CI in patients w/ sulfonamide allergy. BBW: Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester. Monitor K+ | cardiovascular - antihypertensive combo | tablet |
| generic for zestoretic | lisinopril HCTZ | hypertension | X ACE, X conversion of AT-I to II; HCTZ - X Na+ reabsoption in kidney, increase Na+ and water excretion | ACE - I cough is dry, hacking cough that resolves within 1 wk of DC of ACE-I. BBW; Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester | Cardiovascular - antihypertensive combo | tablet |
| generic for zestril | lisinopril | Hypertension , CHF, acut MI, post-MI LV dysfunction | X ACE, BLOCKS conversion of agiotensin -I to II which increases renin thereby decreases aldosterone | BBW: Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester, ACE-I may increase serum creatinine and potassium | cardiovascular - ACE Inhibitor | tablet |
| generic for lotrel | amlodipine;benazepril | hypertension | amlodipine: X influx of Ca2+ into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium. Benazepril: XACE, BLOCKS conversion of AT-I to II which increases renin activity thereby decreases aldosterone secretion | BBW: death to fetus 2nd/3rd trimester. Not rec. in pts. w/ CrCl <30 | cardiovascular agents - antihypertensive | capsule |
| generic for hyzaar | losartan HCTZ | hypertension | losartan: antagonizes angiotensin - II-R HCTZ : X Na+ reabsoption in kidney, increases excretion of Na+ and water | CI in pts. w/ CrCl < 30. SE photosensitivity. BBW: death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester | cardiovascular - antihypertensive combo | tablet |
| generic for avalide | irbesartan HCTZ | hypertension | Irbesartan: antagonizes angiotensin - II -- preventing vasoconstriction and decreasing aldosterone secretion. HCTZ: XNa+ reabsorption in kidney | SE photosensitivity. CI w/ sulfa allergy. BBW: death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester | cardiovascular agents - antihypertensive combo | tablet |
| generic for lanoxin | digoxin | CHF, tachyarrhythmias, cardiogenic shock available in tab,cap, oral soln., IV/MI injection | X Na+ / K+ -ATPase, increasing cellular Na+, decreasing Na+/Ca2+ exchange, increasing cellular Ca2+, increasing contractility | therapeutic levels, CHF=0.5 ng/ml, arrhythmias = 0.8-2ng/ml, toxic > 2.5 ng/ml. Dose adjust w/ CrCl , 50 | cardiovascular agents - antiarrhythmic | Tab, cap, oral soln, IV/IM injection |
| generic name for vasotec | enalapril | hypertension, CHF, post MI LV dysfunction | X ACE,BLOCKS conversion of angiotensin-I to II which increases renin activity thereby decreases aldosterone secretion | BBW: death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester, use caution with ACE-I prior to surgery/surgery | cardiovascular - ACE inhibitor | tablet, IV injection |
| generic for Imdur | isosorbide mononitrate | angina pectoris | NO stimulates IC cGMP, causing venodilation. Leads to decreased preload (LV pressure), afterload (resistance), and cardiac O2 demand | CI w/ use of PDE-5 inhibitors. SE hypotension , bradycardia, HA | cardovascular - anti-anginal | IR/ER tablet |
| generic for coumadin | warfarin | treat and prevent DVT and thromboembolism | X vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, decreases vitamin K reserves and clotting factor synthesis (II,VII, IX, X) | CI hemorrhagic tendencies. BBW. may cause major or fatal bleeding. INR should be 2-3.5 depending on indication. can use Vit K for reversal | cardovascular - anticoagulant | Tablet, IV injection |
| generic for nitrostat | nitroglycerin | angina pectoris, pulmonary HTN | NO stimulates IC cGMP, causing venodilation, leads to decreased preload (LV pressure), afterload (resistance), and cardiac O2 demand | CI w/ use of PDE-5 inhibitors. SE hypotension, bradycardia, HA. Nitroglycerin can be absorbed by plastic (IV). Store in original container | cardovascular - anti-anginal | SL tab, ER cap, PO spray, patch, ointment, IV |
| generic for Plavix | clopidogrel | prevent atherothrombotic events | irreversibly antagonizes ADP-R, decreased activation of GP IIb/IIIa complex and fibrinogen-platelet binding, which X platelet aggregation | CI w/ bleeding such as PUD or intracranial bleeding . Ok in pts. w/ ASA intolerance | cardiovascular - antiplatelet | Tablet |
| generic for Coreg | carvedilol | mild to severe CHF, post MI LV dysfunction, HTN. Forms: IR/ER tablet, capsule, oral sol'n | antagonizes beta -R and alpha -R, leads to decreased cardiac output, decreased heartrate, vasodilation, decreased resistance | SE hypotension, wt. gain, hypergylcemia, Only alpha and beta adrenergic blocker available | cardiovascular - alpha/beta blocker | IR/ER Tablet, capsule, oral solution |
| generic for Zetia | ezetimibe | hyperchosterolemia | blocks cholesterol absorption in small intestine | concurrent use w/ fenofibrate may increase rate of cholecystitis. give 2h before or 1h after bile acid resin drugs. | cardiovascular - antilipemic | tablet |
| generic for Vytorin | ezetimibe; simvastatin | hypercholesterolemia | Ezetimibe: blocks cholesterol absorption. simvastatin: X HMG-CoA reductase, decreases CHOL leads to increased expression of LDL-R and increased LDL catabolism | SE myopathy, rhabdomyolysis. DI: CYP3A4 inhibitors, including fresh grapefruit juice. | cardiovascular - antilipemic combo | tablet |
| generic for TriCor | fenofibrate | hyperlipidemia | activates PPARs that alter transcription of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, decreased VLDL and TG levels. | Fibrates decrease TG by 20-50% , increase HDL by 10-20%. NTE 25% of max statin dose w/fibrate use. | cardiovascular-antilipemic | tablet, capsule |
| generic for Lopid | gemfibrozil | hyperlipidemia | activates PPARs that alter transcription of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, decreases VLDL and TG levels | SE dyspepsia. Gemfibrozil is the fibrate with greatest risk for rhabdomyolysis SE w/statins. | cardiovascular - fibrate antilipemic | tablet |
| generic for Niaspan | niacin | hyperlipidemia | component of coenzyme complexes NAD and NADP necessary for metabolism; Xlipolysis of adipose tissue, decreases VLDL, decreases LDL and TG and increases HDL. | CI active hepatic disease. SE of flushing decreases if pt. takes ASA 30-60 min. prior to dose. Gradually increase dose to decrease SE | cardiovascular- antilipemic - OTC and Rx | IR/ER tablet, ER capsule |
| generic for Pravachol | pravastatin | hyperlipidemia | XHMG-CoA reductase, decreases CHOL leads to increased expression of LDL-R and increased LDL catabolism | SE myopathy, rhabdomyolysis. Take at bedtime. 10 mg atorvastatin approx. equal to 40 mg pravastatin | cardiovascular - statin antilipemic | tablet |
| generic for Mevacor | lovastatin | hyperlipidemia | XHMG-CoA reductase, decreases CHOL leads to increased expression of LDL-R and increased LDL catabolism | SE myopathy, rhabdomyolysis. Take with PM meal. 10 mg atorvastatin approx. equal to 40 mg lovastatin | cardiovascular - statin antilipemic | IR/ER tablet |
| generic for Crestor | rosuvastatin | hyperlipidemia | XHMG-CoA reductase, decreases CHOL leads to increased expression of LDL-R and increased LDL catabolism | SE myopathy, rhabdomyolysis. Take at bedtime. 10 mg rosuvastatin approx. equal to 40 mg atorvastatin | cardiovascular - statin antilipemic | tablet |
| generic for Zocor | simvastatin | hyperlipidemia | XHMG-CoA reductase, decreases CHOL leads to increased expression of LDL-R and increased LDL catabolism | SE myopathy, rhabdomyolysis. Take with PM meal. 10 mg atorvastatin approx. equal to 20 mg simvastatin | cardiovascular - statin antilipemic | tablet |
| generic for Lipitor | atorvastatin | hyperlipidemia | XHMG-CoA reductase, decreases CHOL leads to increased expression of LDL-R and increased LDL catabolism | SE myopathy, rhabdomyolysis. Take anytime. Using fibrates with statins can increase risk of SE | cardiovascular - statin antilipemic | tablet |
| generic for Lescol | fluvastatin | hyperlipidemia | XHMG-CoA reductase, decreases CHOL leads to increased expression of LDL-R and increased LDL catabolism | SE myopathy, rhabdomyolysis. Take at bedtime. 10 mg atorvastatin approx. equal to 80 mg fluvastatin | cardiovascular - statin antilipemic | ER tabs, capsules |
| generic for Catapres | clonidine | mild to moderate HTN | stimulates inhibitory alpha 2 - R in brain stem, decreases sympathetic outflow, decreases resistance decreases heartrate and blood pressure | used to treat EtOH/nicotine/opiod withdrawal. Epidural used for pain. BBW: epidural not for perioperative/obstetrical/postpartum pain. | cardiovascular- alpha 2 agonist antihypertensive | tab,oral sus, epidural, transD-patch |
| generic for Avapro | irbesartan | HTN, diabetic nephropathy | antagonizes AT-II-R which increases renin activity thereby decreasing aldosterone secretion | BBW: Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd timester. SE orthostatic hypotension associated with ARBs. | cardiovascular - angiotensin receptor blocker | tablet |
| generic for Cardura | doxazosin | HTN, Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy | blocks alpha 1 - R: causes vasodilation , resistance and decreased blood pressure; relaxes urinary smooth muscle, decreased BPH symptoms | SE dizziness, HA. Can cause significant first-dose hypotension and syncope (,prazosin) | cardiovascular - alpha 1 blocker antihypertensive | IR/ER tablet |
| generic for Cozaar | losartan | HTN, diabetic nephropathy | antagonizes AT-II-R which increases renin activity thereby decreasing aldosterone secretion | BBW: Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd timester. Can use ARBs if intolerant to ACE-I.. | cardiovascular - angiotensin receptor blocker | tablet, oral suspension |
| generic for Dyazide | triamterene; HCTZ | HTN, edema | Triamterene: XNa+/K+ ATPase in distal and collecting tubules & collecting duct. HCTZ: XNa+ reabsorption in distal tubules. Both increase excretion of Na+ & water | BBW: risk of hyperkalemia, Monitor K+. CI sulfa allergy. Take after meals. SE photosensitivity. | Cardiovascular - diuretic combo | tablet, capsule |
| generic for Aldactone | spironolactone | Edema, HTN, 1 degree hyperaldosteronism | antagonizes aldosterone-R in the distal remal tubules, increases excretion of Na+ and water | BBW: tumorigen in animal studies. Renal adjust CrCl 50-1- q 12-24hr. CrCl , 10 is CI. Monitor K+ | cardiovascular- K+ sparing diuretic | tablet, oral susp. |
| generic for Dyrenium | triamterene | edema, HTN | X Na+/K+ ATPase in the distal and collecting tubules and collecting duct, increases excretion of Na+ and water | BBW: hyperkalemia can occur. taper off to avoid rebound kaliuresis. SE photsensitivity. | cardiovascular - K+ sparing diuretic | capsule |
| generic for Lasix | furosemide | edema, HTN | XNa+ reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle and distal tubules, increases excretion of Na+ and water | CI sulfa allerby, K+ supplement highly recommended. SE oto/nephro toxicity, esp. with aminoglycoside use | cardiovascular - loop diuretic | tablet, oral soln. IM/IV injection |
| generic for Demadex | torsemide | edema, HTN | XNa+ reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle and distal tubule | CI sulfa allergy, anuria, SE nephro/oto toxicity, esp. with aminoglycoside use. 10-20 mg approx. = 40 mg ffurosemide or 1mg bumetanide | cardiovascular- loop diuretic | tablet, IV injection |
| generic for Microzide | hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) | mild to moderate HTN, CHF edema | X Na+/K+ reabsorption in the distal tubules, increases excretion of Na+ and water | CI sulfa allergy. SE photosenssitivity, hypotension, hypokalemia, confusion. not effective in pts. w/ CrCl , 30; may change to loop diuretic. Monitor potassium | cardiovascular - thiazide diuretic | tablet, capsule |
| generic for Lozol | indapamide | HTN, edema | XNa+ reabsorption in distal tubules, increase excretion of Na+ and water | CI sulfa allergy. SE photosensitivity. Effective in pts. w/ CrCl < 30. Little benefit with dose > 5mg/day. | cardiovascular - thiazide like diuretic | tablet |
| generic for Zaroxolyn | metolazone | HTN, edema | XNa+ reabsorption in distal tubules, increase excretion of Na+ and water | CI sulfa allergy. SE photosensitivity. 5 mg approx. = 50 mg HCTZ. Give 30 min prior to loop diuretic for max benefit. | cardiovascular - thiazide like diuretic | tablet |
| generic for Cardizem | diltiazem | HTN, angina, AFib/flutter, PSVT | XCa+2 ions from entering vascular smooth muscle and myocardial cells at depolarization, vasodilation, increased o2, decreased blood pressure | Comes in various ER formulations; double-check meds. | cardiovascular - calcium channel blocker | IR tab, ER tab/cap, oral susp, IV injection |
| generic for Procardia | nifedipine | HTN, angina pectoris, pulmonary HTN | Xinflux of CA2+ into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium leading to vasodilation and decreased resistance | donot use for emergent HTN. may worsen CHF symptoms. SE flushing, peripheral edema (dose related) | cardiovascular - calcium channel blocker | IR/ER tablet, gel capsule |
| generic for Norvasc | amlodipine | HTN;chronic stable angina | Xinflux of Ca2+ into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium leading to vasodilation and decreased resistance | SE reflex tachycardia, peripheral edema. no significant CNS depression (bettter for elderly) | cardiovascular - calcium channel blocker | tablet |
| generic for Calan | verapamil | HTN, angina pectoric, supraventricular arrhythmias | Xinflux of Ca2+ into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium leading to vasodilation and decreased resistance | Can exacerbate CHF. Significantly increases digoxin levels. CI hypotension. SE gingival hyperplasia | cardiovascular - calcium channel blocker | IR/SR tab/cap, IV injection |
| generic for Lopressor HCT | metoprolol;HCTZ | HTN | Metoprolol: selectively antagonizes beta-R, decreases HR; HCTZ: XNa+ reabsorbtion in distal tubules, increases excretion of na+ and water | BBW: Beta -blocker should not be withdrawn abruptly.To avoid nocturia take last dose before 6pm. b | cardiovascular - antihypertensive combo | tablet |
| generic for diovan | valsartan | HTN,CHF | antagonizes AT-II-R which increases renin activity thereby decreasing aldosterone secretion | BBW: Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester. Advantage over losartan due to minimal metabolism requirements. | cardiovascular - angiotensin receptor blocker | tablet |
| generic for Hytrin | terazosin | mild to moderate HTN, BPH | blocks alpha 1 - R: causes vasodilation , resistance and decreased blood pressure; relaxes urinary smooth muscle | CI PDE-5I. If angina occurs or worsens DC. May cause significant hypotension/syncope. | cardiovascular - alpha blocker antihypertensive | capsule |
| generic for Altace | ramipril | HTN, post-MI LV dysfunction, prevent MI | XACE, BLOCKS conversion of angiotensin-I to II which increases renin activity thereby decreasing aldosterone secretion | BBW: death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester. Renally dose ACE-I w/ CrCl,40. | cardiovascular - ace inhibitor | capsule |
| generic for Accupril | quinapril | HTN, HF | XACE, BLOCKS conversion of angiotensin-I to II which increases renin activity thereby decreasing aldosterone secretion | BBW: Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd timester. ACE-I are generally less effective in African Americans due to lower renin levels. | cardiovascular - ace inhibitor | tablet |
| generic for tenormin | atenolol | HTN, post -MI angina pectoris | selectively XBeta 1-R, decreases HR | Renal adjust in pts. w/ CrCl = 15-35 ml/min take 50mg QD max. CI w/. 1st degree heart block. Good choice for asthmatics. | cardiovascular - beta blocker | tablet, IV injection |
| generic for Lopressor | metoprolol | HTN, angina pectoris, prevent MI | selectively antagonizes beta 1-R, decreases HR, myocardial contractility, BP, and myocardial O2 demand | BBw: beta-blocker should not be withdrawn abrubtly. CI stick sinus syndrome. NSAIDS reduce hypotensive effects. SE bradycardia, may mask hypoglycemia | cardiovascular - beta 2 blocker | ER/IR tablet, IV injection |
| generic for Inderal | Propanolol | HTN, angina pectoris, supraventricular arrhythmias | nonselectively antagonizes Beta 1 and beta 2 -R, decreasing HR, decreasing BP, decreases myocardial contractility and O2 demand | smoking decreases plasma levels. IV dose much smaller than PO dose. May mask hypoglycemia. Taper over 2 wks. when DC. | cardiovascular - beta blocker | tablet, ER capsule, IV injection |
| generic for Benicar-HCT | olmesartan; HCTZ | HTN | Olmesartan: antagonizes AT-II-R which increases renin activity thereby decreases aldosterone secretion; HCTZ: XNa+ reabsorption in distal tubules, increases excretion of Na+ and water | BBW: Death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester. SE photosensitivity. CI sulfa allergy | cardiovascular - antihypertensive | tablet |
| generic for Benicar | olmesartan | HTN | anatagonizes AT-II-R which increases renin thereby decreasing aldosterone secretion | BBW: death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester. ARBs are generally less effective in african americans due to lower renin levels. | cardiovascular - angiotensin receptor blocker | tablet |
| generic for Atacand | candesartan | HTN, CHF | antagonizes the AT-II-R which increases renin activity thereby decreases aldosterone secretion | BBW: death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester. ARBs may increase serum creatinine and potassium | cardiovascular - angiotensin receptor blocker | tablet |
| generic for Diovan-HCT | valsartan;HCTZ | HTN | Valsartan: antagonizes the AT-II-R which increases renin activity thereby decreases aldosterone secretion; HCTZ: XNa+ reabsorption in distal tubles, increased excretion of Na+ and water | monitor potassium. BBW: death to fetus during 2nd/3rd trimester. SE photosensitivity. CI sulfa allergy | cardiovascular - antihypertensive | tablet |
| generic of Sumycin | tetracycline | bacterial infections (resp., acne, STD, H.pylori adjunct) | dinds to bacterial 30S ribosonal subunit, Xprotein synthesis | tetracyclines can be used for bacillus anthracis (antthrax). Adjust dose interval if CrCl < 80 | anti-infectives - tetracycline | tablet,capsule, oral susp. |
| generic for Minocin | minocycline | bacterial infection (anthrax, acne, STD, meningitis) | binds to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, Xprotein synthisis | DOC for mycobacterium marinum (Px). SE photosensitivity, permanent tooth discoloration (avoid use < 8 yo). | anti-infectives - tetracycline | IR.ER tab, capsule |
| generic for Vibramycin | doxycycline | bacterial infections (STD, anthrax) | binds to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, X protein synthesis | DOC for C. trichomonas, Pts. w/ gonorrhea should assume a coinfection of C. Trichomonas,. Used in community acquired pneumonia. | anti-infectives - tetracycline | IR/DR tab/cap, oral susp./syrup, IV inj. |
| generic for Pen VK | penicillin V | Bacterial infections (respiratory, ear, skin, urinary) | binds to PBPs, decreases peptidoglycan synthesis and Xcell wall formation | nearly %100 Staph aureus is resistant to PCN. DOC for strep pneumon/pyogenes (UTI), Strep pneumo resistance is increasing. | anti-infectives - penicillin | tablet, oral solution |
| generic for Augmentin | amoxicillin;clavulanic acid | bacterial infxn. (resp., ear, skin, UTI, H. pylori adjunct) | Amoxicillin: bindes to PBPs, decreases peptidoglycan synthesis and Xcell wall formation Clavulanic acid:Xbeta-lactamases, extending amoxicillin activity | to reduce incidence of Abx associated diarrhea ask pt. to try yogurt w. active cultures (i.e. lactobacillus) | anti-infectives - penicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor | IR/ER/chew tab, power for reconstitution |
| generic for Amoxil | amoxicilline | bacterial infections (resp., ear, skin, H. pylori adjunct) | binds to PBPs, decreases peptidoglycan syntesis and Xcell wall formation | DOC for Strep pneumo (UTI), H. pylori (URI), B. burgdorferi (lyme disease). | anti-infectives - aminopenicillin | IR/chew tab, cap, oral susp. |
| generic for Tobrex | tobramycin | bacterial infections (respiratory, eye) | bactericidal: Binds irreversibly to bacterial 30S and 50S ribosomal subunit, Xprotein synthesis | BBW: nephro/neuro toxicity. Tx of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients w/ cystic fibrosis> 6 yo. | anti-infectives - aminoglycoside | IV/IM inj., inhalation sol'n, opthhalmic |
| generic for Vigamox | moxifloxacin | bacterial infections (eye) | bactericidal: Xbacterial DNA gyrase, XDNA replication and transcription | do not wear contact lenses during therapy. SE temporary stinging, blurred vision, dry eyes. | anti-infectives - ophthalmic fluoroquinolone | ophthalmic soln |
| generic for CiproDex | ciprofloxacin; dexamethasone | acute otitis media and externa | ciprofloxacin: Xbacterial DNA gyrase. dexamethasone: complexes with DNA, altering transcription, decreases inflammatory activity | prior to instill, warm bottle in hands for 1-2 min. Peds: 4 drops into affected ear(s) BID x 7 days. | anti-infectives - otic antibiotic + steroid | otic suspension |
| generic for Biaxin | clarithromycin | bacterial infections. (resp., ear, skin, H. pylori adjunct) | binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, Xprotein synthesis | DOC for Helicobacter pylori (URI), Mycobacterium avium complex (Tx, Px), Mycoplasma pneumonia (Tx) | anti-infectives - Macrolide | IR/ER tab, oral powder for reconstitution |
| generic for Zithromax | azithromycin | bacterial infections (respiratory, ear, eye, skin, STD) | binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, X protein synthesis | DOC for legionella (URI), Mycobacterium avium complex (Tx), Chlamydia trachomatis (Tx). | anti-infectives - Macrolide | tab, IR/ER oral susp., IV injection |
| generic for Avelox | moxifloxacin | bacterial infections (resp., skin) | bactericidal: Xbacterial DNA gyrase, XDVA replication and transcription | infuse over 60 min. tendon rupture has been reported with concurrent use of corticosteroids | anti-infectives - fluoroquinolone | tablet, IV injection |
| generic for Levaquin | levofloxacin | bacterial infections (respiratory, skin, eye, urinary) | bactericidal: Xmicrobial DNA gyrase, XDNA replication and transcription | DOC for non-meningitis PCN-high level resistance (MIC>2mcg/mL) Streptococcus pneumoniae, PO?IV dose equivalent | anti-infectives - fluoroquinolone | tab, oral soln, IV inj., ophthalmic soln |
| generic for Zymar | gatifloxacin | bacterial conjuctivitis | bactericidal : Xbacterial DNA gyrase, XDNA replication and transcription | oral?IV formulations no longer available in US,. Causes dose-dependent QT prolongation | anti-infectives - fluoroquinolone | ophthalmic soln |
| generic for Cipro | ciprofloxacin | bacterial infections (resp., skin, urinary) | bactericidal: Xbacterial DNA gyrase, XDVA replication and transcription | DOC for Bacillus anthracis (anthrax). Renal excretion. | anti-infectives - fluoroquinolone | IR/ER tab, oral susp, ophthalmic oint/soln |
| generic for Keflex | cephalexin | bacterial infections (respiratory, ear, skin) | binds to PBPs, decreases peptidoglycan synthesis and Xcell wall formation | Only oral first generation cephalosporin | anti - infectives cephalosporin (1st gen) | tablet, capsule, oral suspension |
| generic for Ceftin | cefuroxime | bacterial infections (resp., ear, skin | binds to PBPs, decreases peptidoglycan syntesis and Xcell wall formation | do not stop medication abruptly | anti-infectives cephalosporin (2nd gen) | tab, oral susp, IV/IM injection |
| generic for Omnicef | cefdinir | bacterial infections (respiratory, ear,skin) | binds to PBPs, decreases peptidoglycan synthesis and Xcell wall formation | SE diarrhea. In pts. w?/CrCl<30 use 300 mg QD. Separate antacid dosing by 2h. | anti-infectives - cephalosporin (3rd gen) | capsule, oral suspension |
| generic for Valtrex | valacyclovir | viral infection (HSV, herpes labialis/zoster) | prodrug of acyclovir. Competes with deoxyguanosine for viral DNA incortoration; XDNA polymerase, DNA and viral replication | SE HA. Renal adjustment necessary if CrCl ,50, Tx herpes zoster (shingles) 1g TID x 7d. | anti - infectives - antiviral | tablet |
| generic for Zovirax | acyclovir | viral infections (herpes labilis/zoster) | competes with deoxyquanosine for viral DNA incorporation: XDNA polymerase, synthesis and viral replication | SE PO malaise, topical mild pain, burning, stinging. Renal adjustment if CrCl < 50 | anti-infectives - antiviral | tab, cap, susp., IV inj., topical oint./cream |
| generic for Flagyl | metronidazole | protozoal and anaerobic bacterial infections | interacts with DNA, causing loss of helical structure and strand breakage | use for TX of trichomoniasis & bacterial vaginosis. avoid EtOH due to disulfram rxn (vomiting). | anti-infectives | IR/ER tab, cap, oral susp, IV inj., topical, vaginal |
| generic for Cleocin | clindamycin | bacterial infections (respiratory, systemic) | binds to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, X protein synthesis | BBW: can cause severe and possibly fatal colitis. vaginal use may weaken condoms | anti-infectives, lincosamide | cap, topical, vaginal, IV/IM injection |
| generic for BenzaClin | clindamycin; benzoyl peroxide | acne vulgaris | clindamycin: binds to 50S ribosomal subunit, Xprotein synthesis Benzoyl: oxidizes bacterial protein, decreases # of anaerobes and free fatty acids | SE peeling and dry skin. May bleach hair or colored fabric. | anti-infectives, acne agent | topical gel |
| generic for Bactroban | mupirocin | impetigo, bacterial infection (skin structure/lesion) | binds to RNA synthetase, Xprotein synthesis | used for Tx of MRSA colonization intranasally.Systemic absorption is minimal through intact skin. | anti-infectives | nasal ointment, topical ointment/cream |
| generic for Lotrisone | clotrimazole;betamethasone | dermal fungal infections | Clotrimazole:Xergosterol synthesis, increases fungal cell wall permeability Betamethasone: complexes w/DNA, alters transcription and decreases inflammatory activity | safety/efficacy not established in pts < 17 yo. SE dry skin, burning and paresthesias. | anti-infectives , antifungal | topical lotion, cream |
| generic for Macrobid | nitrofurantoin | prevention and Tx of bacterial UTI | Xenzyme systems incl. acetyl CoA, interfering with metabolism and cell wall synthesis | Use for Tx of chronic UTIs. Excreted as metabolites & unchanged in urine. | anti-infectives | capsule, oral susp. |
| generic for Bactrim | sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim | bacterial infections (UTI, ear, respiratory, GI) | Sulfamethoxazole:Xconversion of PABA in folic acid pathway. Trimethoprim: Xdihydrofolate reductase & folic acid pathway | Prophylaxis of PCP, toxoplasmosis in AIDS pts. Common DOC for community acquired MRSA. | anti-infectives, sulfonamide/combo | sulfamethoxazole;trimethoprim |
| generic for Ketek | telithromycin | bacterial community-acquired pneumonia | binds to 50S ribosomal subunit which Xprotein synthesis | BBW: Life threatening respiratory failure has occurred in pts. w/ myasthenia gravis | anti-infectives, ketolide | tablet |
| generic for Diflucan | fluconazole | fungal infections (candidiasis, meningitis) | X ergosterol synthesis, increases fungal cell wall permeability | DOC for vulvovaginal candidiasis. has 70-8-% prnrytsyion inyo yhr BBB. | anti-infectives, antifungal | tablet, oral susp., IV injection |
| generic for Ery-Tab | erythromycin | bacterial infections (systemic, eye, acne vulgaris) | binds to bacterical 50S ribosomal subunit, Xprotein synthesis | DOC for Chlamydia trachomatic (trachoma,inclusion conjunctivitis), Mycoplasma pneumonia (Tx). Common agent for PCN allergic patients. | anti-infectives, macrolide | IR/DR tab, DR cap, susp., topical, ophth. |
| generic for Sporanox | itraconazole | fungal infections( candidiasis, CNS, toenails) | XCYP450 14A-demethylase leading to Xergosterol synthesis, increasing fungal cell wall permeability | BBW: not recommended for the Tx of onchomycosis in pts. w/ left ventricular dysfuntion or a Hx of CHF. | anti-infectives, antifungal | capsule, oral soln, IV injection |
| generic for Lamisil | terbinafine | fungal infections (nails, foot, ringworm) | Xergosterol synthesis, increasing fungal cell wall permeability | PO CI in w/ CrCl < 50. Tinea pedis (athletes's foot) apply cream BID x 1wk, max 4 wks. Good for superficial, non-systemic fungal infxns. | anti-infectives, antifungal | tablet, topical spray/cream |
| generic for Plaquenil | hydroxychloroquine | malaria, lupus, RA | may Xmigration of neutrophils and eosinophils;decreasing inflammation | Dure to possible retinal of visula field changes, patients should have regular eye exams. | anti-infectives, anti- malarial | tablet |
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