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Chapter 3 and 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | The way of life that distinguishes a people, for example government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs |
| Population Density | The average number of people living in a given area |
| Birthrate | The number of births each year per 1,000 people |
| Rural | Of, or characteristic of, the countryside |
| Culture Hearth | A place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures |
| Diffusion | The process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or individual to another |
| Cultural divergence | The restriction of a culture from outside influences |
| Immigrant | A person who moves into a country |
| Emigrant | A person who leaves a country to elsewhere |
| Urbanization | The growth of city populations |
| Cultural Convergence | the contact and interaction of one culture with another |
| Sovereignty | a country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions |
| Unitary System | a system of government in which one central government holds much of the political power |
| federation | a government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments |
| confederation | a system of government in which individual, political units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government |
| authoritarian | descriptive of a system of government which the leaders hold all political power |
| dictatorship | a system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person |
| totalitarianism | a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of the society |
| monarchy | a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch/a king, queen, shah or sultan- whos position is usually inherited |
| democracy | A system of government in which the people are invested with the power to chose their leaders and determine government policy |
| traditional economy | An economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy |
| market economy | An economic system in which decisions about production, price and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand. |
| command economy | An economic system that is controlled by a central government. |
| Natural resource | A material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs |
| Renewable resource | A natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used |
| Nonrenewable Resource | A natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used |
| Fossil Fuel | Any one of several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel |
| Nuclear energy | A type of energy produced by fission- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor releasing stored energy |
| Water power | Energy produced form falling water to move machinery or generate electricity |
| Geothermal energy | Energy produced from the earths intense inner heat |
| Solar energy | Energy produced by the sun |
| Primary economic activity | An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining |
| Subsistence farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of each family or a village |
| Commercial farming | The raising of crops or livestock for outside markets |
| Secondary economic activity | An economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater use |
| Cottage industry | A small scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often operated in or around little homes. |
| Commercial industry | A large scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods. |
| Tertiary economic activity | An economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials, but pursue activities that serve others; service industry |
| Quaternary economic activity | An economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing and sharing of information, such as education or resource. |
| Export | An item that is sent out of the country to sell. |
| Import | An item that is brought into a country to sell. |
Created by:
jayceepannell
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