click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 3-4 Vocab
Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Culture | Way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs. |
Population Density | Average number of people living in an average area. |
Birthrate | Number of live births each year per 1,000 people. |
Immigrant | Person who moves into a country. |
Emigrant | Person who leaves a country to live elsewhere. |
Urbanization | Growth of city population. |
Rural | Of, or characteristics of, the countryside. |
Culture Hearth | Place in which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures. |
Cultural Convergence | Contact and interaction of one culture and another. |
Diffusion | Process by which a culture elements is transmitted from one group or individual to another. |
Cultural Divergence | Restriction of a culture from outside influence. |
Sovereignty | Country's freedom and power to deiced on policies and actions. |
Unitary System | System of government in which one central government holds most of the political power. |
Federation | Government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments. |
Confederation | System of government in which individual political units keep keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government. |
Authoritarian | Descriptive of a system of government in which leaders hold all political power. |
Dictatorship | System of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person. |
Totalitarianism | System of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society. |
Monarchy | System of authoritarian government headed by a monarch-a king, queen, shah, or sultan- whose position is usually inherited. |
Democracy | A system of government in which the people are invested with the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government. |
Traditional Economy | An economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy. |
Market Economy | Economic system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand. |
Command Economy | Economic system that is control by a single central government. |
Natural Resources | Material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs. |
Renewable Resource | A natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used. |
Nonrenewable resource | Natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used. |
Fossil Fuel | Any one of several nonrenewable resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuels. |
Nuclear Energy | A type of energy produced by fission- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor, releasing stored energy. |
Water Power | Energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity. |
Geothermal Energy | Energy produced from the earths intense interior heat. |
Solar Energy | Energy produced by the sun. |
Primary Economic activity | An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining. |
Subsistence Farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village. |
Commercial Farming | Raising of crops and livestock for sail in markets. |
Secondary Economic Activity | Economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products for greater value. |
Cottage Industry | Small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often in or near people's homes. |
Commercial Industry | Large scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods. |
Tertiary Economic Activity | Economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry. |
Export | Item that is sent out of a country for sale. |
Import | Item that is brought into the country for sale. |