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Chapter 3 and 4
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1.Culture | The way of life that distinguishes a people, for example, government, language, religion, customs, and beliefs. |
| 2.Population Density | The average number of people living in a given area. |
| 3.Birthrate | The number of live births each year per 1,000 people. |
| 4.Immigrant | A person who moves into a country. |
| 5.Emigrant | A person who leaves a country to live elsewhere. |
| 6.Urbanization | The growth of city populations. |
| 7.Rural | Of, or characteristic of, the countryside. |
| 8.Culture Hearth | A place inn which important ideas begin and thereafter spread to surrounding cultures. |
| 9.Cultural Convergence | The contact and interaction of one culture with another. |
| 10.Diffusion | The process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or individual to another. |
| 11.Cultural Divergence. | The restriction of a culture from outside influences. |
| 12.Sovereignty | A country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions. |
| 13.Unitary System | A system of government in which one central government holds moost of the political power. |
| 14.Federation | A government structure in which some powers are given to the mational government and local governments. |
| 15.Confederation | A system of government in which individual politcial units keep their sovereignty but give limited power to a central government. |
| 16.Authoritarian | Descriptive of a system of a government in which the leaders hold all polical power. |
| 17.Dictatorship | A system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person. |
| 18.Totalitarianism | A system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society. |
| 19.Monarchy | A system of authoritatian government headed by a monarch-a king, queen, shah, or sultan- whose position is usually inherited. |
| 20.Democracy | A system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy. |
| 21.Traditional Economy | An economic system in whichfamilies produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy. |
| 22.Market Economy | An economic system in which desisions abot production, prics, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand. |
| 23.Command Economy | An economic system that is controlled by a single central government. |
| 24.Natural Resource | A material in the natural enviorment that people value and use to satisfy their needs. |
| 25.Renewable Resource | A natural resource that the enviorment couninues to supply or replace as it is used. |
| 26.Nonrenewable Resource | A natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used. |
| 27.Fossil Fuel | Any one of several nonrenewable mineral resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals and used for fuel. |
| 28.Nuclear Energy | A type of energy produced by fission the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor, realeasing stored energy. |
| 29.Water Power | Energy produced from falling water to move machinery or generate electricity. |
| 30.Geothermal Energy | Energy produced from the earth's intense interior heat. |
| 31.Solar Energy | Energy produced by the sun. |
| 32.Primary Economic Activity | An economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining. |
| 33.Subsistence Farming | Farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village |
| 34.Commercial Farming | The raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets. |
| 35.Secondary Economic Activity | An economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value. |
| 36.Cottage Industry | A small-scale manufacturing operation using little technology, often located in or near peoples homes. |
| 37.Commercial Industry | A small-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods. |
| 38.Teritary Economic Activity | An economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activites that serve others; service industries. |
| 39.Quaternary Economic Activity | An economic activity that focuses on the acquisition, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research. |
| 40.Export | An item that is sent out of the country sale. |
| 41.Import | An item that is brought into the country for sale. |
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jasmin5
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