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Pulm,car,hema,EMT
pharmacology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aspirin(ASA) | Anticoagulant, antipyretic, NSAID, Non Narcotic Analgesic |
| albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin, and Proventil) | Bronchodilator(fast acting) 2x a wk |
| ProAir, Ventolin, and Proventil | albuterol(fast acting) 2x a week |
| aminophylline | Bronchdilator(fast acting) 2x a wk |
| theophylline("theo") Elixophyllin, Theo-Dur, Theo-24, Theolair, Theobid | Bronchodilator(fast acting) 2x a wk Requires TDM |
| Elixophyllin, Theo-Dur, Theo-24, Theobid, and Theolair | theophylline(fast acting) 2x a wk |
| ephedrine | bronchodilator(fast acting) 2x a wk |
| epinephrine (Asthmanefrin) AKA Adrenalin | bronchodilator(fast acting) 2x a wk emergency cardiac stimulant Emergency vasopressor |
| Asthmanefrin | epinephrine(fast acting) 2x a wk |
| MaxAir | bronchodilator(fast acting) 2x a wk |
| Atrovent | bronchodilator(long acting) never to be used alone to treat asthma and only used for the shortest duration as possible. |
| Serevent | Bronchodilator (long acting) not to be used alone to treat asthma and only used for the shortest duration as possible |
| Dulera | bronchodilator (long acting) not to be used alone in the treatment of asthma and used for the shortest duration possible |
| Leukotriene Blockers | Reduce allery related asthma |
| Singulair | Leukotriene blocker |
| Corticosteroids | steroidal anti-inflammatory drug to reduce the incident of asthma |
| Asmanex | SAID to reduce the incident of asthma |
| Flovent | SAID to reduce the incident of asthma |
| Pulmicort | SAID to reduce the incident of asthma |
| Azmacort | SAID to reduce the incident of asthma |
| Symbicort | SAID & Bronchodilator |
| Advair | SAID & Bronchodilator |
| Combivent | SAID & Bronchodilator |
| Spiriva | Metered Dose Inhaler to treat Asthma and emphysema |
| Brovana | To treat chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
| PPD, Tine and Mantoux | Intradermal skin tests to detect tuberculosis exposure |
| INH(isoniazid) | antituberculine |
| Rifadin(rifampin) | antituberculine |
| Myambutol (ethambutol) | antituberculine |
| MDRTB | Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis could require treatment for 4-9 months or longer |
| Catapres(clonidine) | Non-nicotine smoking cessation drug Antihypertensive |
| Chantix | Non-Nicotine smoking cessation drug |
| Wellbutrin or Zyban (bupropion) | Non-nicotine smoking cessation drug Antidepressant |
| Wellbutrin, Zyban, Chantix | changes in behavior, hostility, agitation, depressed mood, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and attempted suicide. |
| Mucolytic | break up mucus in the lungs for easier expectoration |
| Mucomyst | Mucolytic |
| Pneumovax | immunization (inoculation, vaccine) recommended for people over the age of 65 as a prophylaxis(preventive) for pneumococcal pneumonia |
| CHF | Congestive Heart Failure indicates a Weak Pump |
| NRT | (Nicotine replacement therapy) |
| Habitrol | Nicotine replacement therapy |
| Nicoderm | nicotine replacement therapy |
| Nicorette | nicotine replacement therapy |
| Nicotrol | nicotine replacement therapy |
| NTP | Nicotine transdermal patch |
| Causes of CHF(congestive heart failure) | Heredity, smoking, excess fat in the diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, age(35), MI(myocardium infarctions), Valvular disease |
| As the heart weakens, the CO(cardiac output) decreases | and the HR(heart rate) increases. |
| Signs of CHF(congestive heart failure) | pedal edema(swelling of the feet&ankles) Pulmonary edema(fluid in the lungs) |
| Treatment for CHF(congestive heart failure) | Commonly includes Digoxin(Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps) that may require TDM(therapeutic drug monitoring) because of a NTI(narrow therapeutic index) |
| digoxin( Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps) | Medication to slow the heart rate(HR) and stimulate the myocardium to contract more forcefully Antiarrhythmic |
| Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps | digoxin |
| A high fiber diet can | slow the absorption of digoxin |
| Signs of digoxin toxicity | Bradycardia and yellow-green halos around lights |
| digoxin(lanoxin, lanoxicaps, digitek) is commonly administered in combination with a diuretic called | Lasix(furosemide) |
| Lasix(furosemide) | Diuretic |
| Lasix(furosemide) | causes the excessive loss of the electrolyte(potassium) |
| Potassium | Abbreviation is K and is commonly measured in mEq(milliequivalents) |
| Thoracodynia | chest pain caused by coronary ischemia(starvation of oxygen(O2) to the myocardium |
| AP | Angina Pectoris |
| nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Dur) | antianginal |
| Nitrostat and Nitro-Dur | nitroglycerin |
| NTG | nitroglycerin |
| nitroglycerin(NTG) | is administered SL(sublingually), Transdermally(skin patch) and IV(intravenous) |
| isosorbide (Isordil) | antianginal |
| atenolol (Tenormin) | antianginal beta blocker antihypertensive |
| Isordil(isosorbide) or nitroglycerin(NTG) can cause life threatening hypotension(low blood pressure) if combined with... | Viagra, Cialis, and Levitra |
| metoprolol(Lopressor) | antianginal, beta blocker, antihypertensive |
| nadolol(Corgard) | antianginal, beta blocker, antihypertensive |
| amplodipine(Norvasc) | antihypertensive antianginal |
| nicardipine(Cardene) | antianginal antihypertensive |
| nifedipine(Procardia) | antianginal antihypertensive |
| propranolol(Inderal) | antianginal antihypertensive antiarrhythmic |
| verapamil(Calan) | antianginal antihypertensive antiarrhythmic |
| diltiazem(Cardizem) | antianginal antihypertensive antiarrhythmic |
| Antiarrhythmics medications are prescribed to treat | cardiac dysrhythmias/arrhythmias |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias/arrhythmias are | abnormalities in the conduction(transmissions) of the electrical impulses of the heart. |
| disopyramide(Norpace) | antiarrhythmic |
| Betapace | antiarrhythmic |
| procainamide(Procanbid) | antiarrhythmic |
| Rythmol | antiarrhythmic |
| The arrhythmia(dysrhythmia) that Lanoxin, Digitek, or Lanoxicaps(digoxin) is commonly administered for is... | AF(Atrial Fibrillation) increases the risk of thrombus(clots) formation. |
| HTN(Hypertension) | refers to chronic(persistent) high blood pressure. |
| HHD | Hypertensive heart disease |
| Common causes of chronic(persistent) hypertension(HTN) include.... | Atherosclerosis(hardening of the arteries caused by fatty plague) Kidney disease Poor Stress management Excess salt, caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol(ETOH) |
| HTN(hypertension) of a unknown cause is called... | primary, essential, or idiopathic hypertension(HTN) |
| Antihypertensives | Medications prescribed to lower blood pressue |
| Diovan | antihypertensive |
| Cozaar | antihypertensive |
| Benicar | antihypertensive |
| Hyzaar (losartan+hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) | Antihypertensive |
| Avapro | antihypertensive |
| Medications that end in -olol are called | Beta Blockers |
| Beta Blockers are prescribed to treat | AP(Angina Pectoris) and HTN(hypertension) by reducing the force of the cardiac contraction and HR(heart rate) |
| Beta Blockers can lose their effectiveness if combined with... | Fruit Juice |
| Hyperlipidemia means | a blood condition of excessive fat |
| Hyperlipidemia can cause | atherosclerosis(hardening of the arteries due to fatty plague) |
| Fats that can cause diseases of the heart&blood vessels include | Cholesterol Triglycerides LDL(Low-density lipoprotein) These fats are considered saturated fats. |
| Medications prescribed to lower the amount of circulating fat in the blood are called... | Antihyperlipidemics ("statins") |
| Lipitor | antihyperlipidemic |
| Crestor | antihyperlipidemic |
| Pravachol | Antihyperlipidemic |
| Zocor | antihyperlipidemic |
| Lopid | antihyperlipidemic |
| Niaspan(niacin) | antihyperlipidemic |
| Caduet Combination of Norvasc(amlodipine) | antihyperlipidemic antihypertensive antianginal |
| Trilipix | antihyperlipidemic |
| Antihyperlipidemics(statins) may require periodic | LFTs(liver function tests) |
| antihyperlipidemics can cause the increased risk of | DM(diabetes mellitus) by 48% in women. |
| antihyperlipidemic toxicity can occur if combined with... | Grapefruit Juice |
| Lovasa | Omega 3 supplement for hypertriglyceridema |
| Anticoagulants | decreases the body's ability to form Thrombi(clots) |
| Abnormal thrombus(clots) formation can lead to floating clots called... | Emboli |
| An Embolus(floating clot) can become lodged in a stenosed(narrowed) artery and cause an... | Infarct(occlusion) |
| Common infarcts include | MI(myocardial infarction) AKA heart attack or coronary CVA(cerebral vascular accident) AKA stroke |
| The layperson calls anticoagulants | blood thinners |
| heparin(subQ injection) | anticoagulant |
| warfarin(Coumadin) | anticoagulant |
| Coumadin(warfarin) has a... | NTI(narrow therapeutic index) and requires periodic coagulation monitoring. |
| vitamin K (Mephyton) | coagulant |
| Vitamin K rich foods to avoid when taking Coumadin(warfarin) include... | Kale, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, asparagus, and spinach |
| Plavix | Anticoagulant Common prophylaxis for MIs(myocardial infarctions) & CVAs(cerebral vascular accidents) |
| Plavix has a... | NTI(narrow therapeutic index) and requires periodic coagulation monitoring |
| Plavix use has been linked to... | thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP) |
| Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura(TTP) can cause... | bleeding tendencies, hypochromic anemia, and kidney failure. |
| dipyridamole(Persantine) | anticoagulant |
| dipyridamole(Persantine) has a | NTI(narrow therapeutic index) and requires periodic coagulation monitoring |
| Lovenox(subQ injection) | anticoagulant |
| Pradaxa | anticoagulant |
| Xarelto | anticoagulant |
| Lovenox, Pradaxa, & Xarelto do not | require periodic coagulation monitoring |
| Bleeding problems can occur if ASA(aspirin) or Coumadin(warfarin) are combined with... | gingki biloba, garlic, ginger, and NSAIDs(non steroidal anti inflammatory drug) |
| Thrombolytic(tPA) medications are administered to... | break up thrombi(clots) already formed |
| The layperson would call a thrombolytic | Clot Buster |
| streptokinase(Streptase) | thrombolytic |
| alteplase(Activase) | thrombolytic |
| tenecteplase | thrombolytic |
| A drug administered as a heparin antagonist is called.. | protamine sulfate |
| ACLS | advanced cardiac life support |
| Emergency medications are commonly administered... | IVP(intravenous push) |
| Bolus(loading dose) | A large dose of a medication may be administered IVP(intravenous push) to quickly achieve therapeutic(beneficial) level |
| Emergency medications can be administered via | ET(endotracheal tube) |
| atropine | Emergency medication administered to treat severe bradycardia(slow heart rate) |
| lidocaine(Xylocaine) | Emergency antiarrhythmic Local anesthetic |
| Sodium bicarbonate("bicarb") (NaHCO3) | Emergency medication to treat acidosis |
| Calcium chloride(CaCl) | Secondary emergency cardiac stimulant |
| Vasopressors are used to treat.. | Hypotension(low blood pressure) |
| dopamine(Intropin) | Emergency vasopressor |
| isoproterenol(Isuprel) | Emergency vasopressor |
| norepinephrine(Levophed) | Emergency vasopressor |
| Emetics are prescribed to... | induce vomiting |
| Syrup of ipecac | Emetic |
| Activated Charcoal | Emergency medication usually administered via a NG(nasogastric) tube to absorb toxic substances in the stomach |
| naloxone(Narcan) | emergency narcotic antagonist |
| NAVEL | Narcan, atropine, Ventolin, epinephrine, & lidocaine. |
Created by:
dholleytassou
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