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pharm final
drugs for pharm final
| Side 2 | Side1 |
|---|---|
| amadodine (simotrel) | promotes release of dopamine from remaining neurons; Parkinson's tx |
| Binztropine (cogentin) | dopamine agonsist, activates increase in production; parkinsons tx |
| Primokryptine(parlodel), Primopexal (primopex) | ^ level of dopamine by blocking muscarninc receptors; Parkinson's tx |
| Levodopa | Parkinson's gold standard drug; promotes dopamine synthesis |
| Effect of decarboxylase on L-Dopa | converts it into dopamine in the periphery, allowing less to get to brain |
| L-Dopa dosage | 250mg, 2-4x/day |
| Adverse effects of L-Dopa | On-Off syndrome, dyskinesias, N/V |
| Parlodel | agonist to help with on-off syndrome of L-Dopa; stimulates dopamine receptors to ^ dopamine |
| Carbodopa (sinemet) | inhibits the decarboxylation of L-Dopa in intestines and periphery |
| Adverse effects of sinemet | can cause hallucinations or psychosis because of excess brain stimulation |
| clozapene | to decrease psychosis from carbidopa, without decreasing dopamine; 25mg/day |
| Artane, Trihexyphenidyl, Cogentin Benztropine | anticholinergics to decrease drooling and tremors with Parkinson's |
| Neostigmine Bromide | cholinesterase inhibitor, which prevents the breakdown of acetlycholine |
| Neostigmine Bromide dosage | 15-30 mg IM q3-4h, or .5-2.5mgIV; not PO |
| Tensilon and Mestinon | peripheral anticholinesterase inhibitors which allows accumulation of acetylcholine |
| Tensilon use | diagnosis of mysthenia crisis |
| Mestinon | maintenance drug for MG; give slowly to prevent thrombothrobitis |
| Tacrine (Cognex) | centrally acting anticholinesterase inhibitor; MG tx; hepatotoxic at low dosages; Alzheimers tx |
| Donepezil (Aricept) | drug of choice for Alzheimers; give 5-10 mg/day |
| Penicillins | inhibits g+&g- cell wall synthesis |
| Cefazolin (Kefzol, Ancef) | Cephalosporin, very potent, similar to penicillin |
| Vancomycin, and adverse effect | inhibits cell wall synthesis (bacteriocidal); can causes Red Neck syndrome so don't give as an IV push |
| Amphotericin B | serious systemic fungal infection; only IV; premedicate; binds to ergosterol to ^permeability to cause loss of K+ |
| Diflucan dosage | candida infection; impairs sterols by interfering w/the P450 enzyme system;100-200 mg |
| Rifampin | bacterialcida, inhibits protein synthesis; hepatotoxic; tx TB |
| Chloramphenicol | inhibits protein synthesis, bacterialcidal |
| Sulfadiazine | sulfonamide; bacteriostatc, inhibits synthesis of metabolites; toxoplasmosis and meningitis tx |
| sulfamethizole and sulfamethoxazole | UTI tx |
| siversulfadiazine | topical sulfonamide for burns |
| sulfaceta | superfical infections of the eye, such as conjunctivitis tx |
| adverse effect of sulfonamides | Steven's johnson syndrome |
| gentamicin, amikacan, tobramycin | aminoglycosides, bacteriocidal; bind q/ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis; often used w/penicillins; nephro/neuro/ototoxic |
| Azoles | alter/disrupt membrane permeability, specifically teh P450 system; fungi-static and fungi-cidal |
| Monistat | azole; can give it IV but no too fast d/t phlebitis; give in 30-6- minutes |
| Izoniasine | TB tx; hepatotoxic |
| Rifampin, Tebrazid, and Ethambutol | TB tx |
| "-vir's" | protease inhibitors; block protease enzyme so it's unable to attach to it's substrate; elevate cholesterol and triglycerides, and BS |
| adverse effect of protease inhibitors | lipodystrophy |
| Digoxin/Digitoxin | - chronotropic (dec HR); + ionotropic (^ force of contr); cardiac glycoside to tx CHF; prevent dysrhythmias by slowing rate |
| Digoxin dosage | .5mg loading does, + .25mg IV q6hr for 2 doses, for 1mg total |
| Quinidine | Na+ channel blocker; slows rate fo impulse by interfering with Na+ influx during phase 0; antacids ^ absorption |
| Pronestyl | Na+ channel blocker; given IV or PO; used for A fib; could cause hypotension |
| Norpace | Na+ channel blocker; don't use if preexisting block; often causes urinary retention because of anticholinergic affects, and - ionotropic |
| Lidocaine | one of the most common drugs used to tx arrhythmias |
| Tocainaide | Ventricular arrhythmias |
| Mexitil | Ventricular arrhythmias |
| Clonidine dose | adrenergic inhbitors; crosses blood brain barrier to decrease sympathetic NS stimulation; give .1mg BID |
| Methyldopa(aldomet) dose | adrenergic inhibitor; tends to cause water and Na retention so give with diuretics; 250mg 2-3x/day |
| Benazepril, catopril, enalapril | ACE inhibitors; lowers BP by preventing conversion of angiontensin 1 - angiotensin 2 |
| Minoxidil (loniten) | vasodilator used for severe hypertension when other meands fail; peripheral vasodilator |
| nitropresside (nipride) | potent and direct vasodilator used in hypertensive crisis; works in minutes to lower CO and decrease systemic resistance |
| Diltiazem (cardizem) | Ca+ channel blocker, inhibits Ca influx to lower contraction and results in coronary artery dilation |
| Nitroglycerin (NTG) | decrease pre & afterload; dose dependent- small is venous dilator, to decrease workload of heart, high dose is aterial dilatro to decrease resistance; Subling, IV, topically, and Spray under tongue |
| Amlodipine (Norvasc) | Ca+ channel blocker; peripheral dilation of arteris to decrease resistance to decrease workload |
| Verapamil (Calen) | coronary artery vasolidation (similar to cardizem); Ca+ channel blocker; decrease afterload, to decrease O2 consumption and improve O2 delivery to the heart |
| Heparin dose | anticoagulant; combines with antithrombinn to inactivate clotting factors; short duration; make sure to start coumadin before it is discontinued; 5000U SC; us APTT test for clotting time |
| Enoxaparin (lovenox) | anticoagulant; low molecule heparin; prevents deep vein thrombosis |
| Warfarin (coumadin) dose | anticoagulant; prevents synthesis of clotthing factors 7,9,10; only given PO; takes several days for onset, but lasts 2-5 days after; give 2-10mg; PT is test used to measure, in Sec; INR also tests |
| Protamine Sulfate dose | antidote for heparin OD; 1mg/min IV, not too fast since can cause bradycardia and hypotension |
| Vitamin K dose | for coumadin OD, given orally, IM, and SC, 5-15 mg |
| Aspirin | antiplatelet; blocks production of thromboxan which causes clotting |
| Plavix | antiplatelet; blocks ADP to prevent clotting |
| Ticlid | antiplatelet; blocks ADP to prevent clotting |
| Streptase, activase, abbokinase | thrombolytics; act on plasminogen, converts it to plasmin which picks up plasmin in the blood clot, breaking it down; only give in ER or ICU |
| Lipitor, Mevacor, Zocor | "statins" reductase inhibitors; lower LDL's in blood and ^ HDL's; dec. cholesterol by reducing the production of it in the liver- blocks the enzymes that produce it |
| adverse effect of Statins | muscle injury, myocitis or myopathy (atrophy of muscle) |
| albuterol dose | beta 2 agonist; rescue enhaler for immediate asthma relief; give via nebulizer; short acting 2.5mg q4h |
| mathylprednisolone dose | coticosteroid to help decrease inflammation w/asthma; given IV 1-2mg/kg; effect is seen w/in 7-8 hours; blocks eosinophil & macrophage movement to bronchioles; can cause weight gain and fluid retention |
| acetylcystein (mucomyst) | mucolytic drug, decreases mucus secretions and breaks them down to be eliminated; inhaled and works w/in 60 minutes; not PO; used for tylenol OD |
| Fluticosone (flovent) | reduces airway edema by blocking immune response |
| Crmolyn (intal) | prevents release of inflammatory substance, prevents inflammation and bronchospasms; isn't for an attack, but asthma maintainence |
| Prednisone | oral; decrease inflammation as well as does other things..give w/food, for asthma |
| Alupent dose | immediate COPD therapy; stimulates beta-2 receptros, resulting in relaxation of the bronchioles, relieving bronchospasms; 2-3 inhalations |
| Atrovent | anticholinergic; blocks action of acetycholine which inhibits vagal nerve transmission which causes bronchioles to relax and dilate; decrease secretions as well; this is immediate COPD therapy |
| theophylline dose | relaxes smooth muscles; stops ANP from being broken down to cause bronchodilation; give 500mg IV loading dose, then maintainence of 200-300 mg q6h cont IV; this is additional COPD therapy |
| Sameterol dose | beta 2 agonist; long -acting; not as effective as albuterol, slower onset of action; will last up to 12 hours; 2 inhalation q12 h |
| Dorzalomide (trusopt) dose | carbonicanhydrase inhibitor for glaucome tx; decreases humor production; 1 drop 3x/day 8 hours apart |
| Epinephrine | adrenergic agonist for glaucoma tx; ^ drainage and decrease humor production |
| Betoptic and Timoptic | beta-adrenergic blocking; decreases hypertension which decreases intraocular pressure and decrease humor production |
| latanaprost dose | relaxes ciliary muscle which ^ fluid outflow to decrease pressure; is a prostoglandin analogue; 1 drop= 1.5 mic; only 1/day; changes iris color and ^ eyelash length |
| pilocarpine (isopta carbachol) | oldest glaucoma drug; facilitates drainage of fluid; is a cholinergic agonist; causes miosis and contracts ciliary muscle |
| DKA Tx | isotonic IV fluid; elextrolyte replacement; insulin, Na Bicarb |
| Lispro | rapid acting insulin; w/in 15 minutes; peak in 90 minutes, lasts 4 hours |
| Regular insulin | same as producedby our body; acts w/in 30 min; peaks in 5 hour; lasts 8 |
| NPH insulin | often in combination w/ regul; intermediate acting, onset 3 hours, peak 15, 24 duration |
| Lantus insulin | given to NPO pts; no peak; DON't MIX; lasts 18-26 hours; first long term insulin w/ a predictable and consistent activity |
| HHNK tx | isotonic solution; electrolye replacement; regular insulin |
| Amaryl | ^ insulin production by pancreas stimulation; is a sulfonylurea |
| Prandin | meglitinide, decrease BS by stimulating insulin production; stimulates beta production 15-30 minutes before eatign |
| Metfomin | biguanide; ^ # of receptors on cell membranes making them more sensitive; in liver ^ storage of excess glucose to decrease BS levels |
| Avandia | thiazolidinedione; 1/day w/meals; ^ receptor sensitivity to insulin |
| Acarbose (precose) | alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; not as common; blocks carb absorption |
| Gemfibrozil (lopid) | used to reduce triglycerides; ^ HDL, is a firate often used w/ statins |
| Cemetidide (Tagamet) and Famotidine (Pepcid) | H2 blockers; inhibit action of histamine on the stomach which leads to decrease in amnt of gastric acid produced; for peptic ulcer tx |
| Omeprazole, esmeprazole, pantaprazole | proton pump inhibitors; take once a day; short term therapy from 1-2 months; treat GERD; decrease acid production by the stomach; more effective than H2 blockers; most effective on an empty stomach |
| Sucralfate (carafate) | short term tx of duodenal ulcers; adheres to ulcer and protects it from further damage |
| antacids | help mainly for heartburn; work quickly, go immediately to source, whereas H2 blockers must be absorbed into the blood stream; but it suppresses pepsin, may contain aluminum and may cause kidney stones or acid rebound |
| compazine (prochlorperazine) | antiemetic; prevents N/V; administer as supp, IM or IV; can cause tartive dyskinesia and spasms |
| Reglan | antiemetic; decreases dopamine and serotaonin which inactivates vomiting center |
| Phenergin | antiemetic which decreases dopamin and serotonin to inactivate vomiting center |
| Zofran | antiemetic as reglan, but this was teh first drug used for chemo induced emesis |
| Ipecac | emetic; induces vomiting; for after swallowing poison |
| Metamucil | stool softener |
| Ducolax | stool stimuland |
| Mineral oil | lubricant |
| Saline Magnesium Citrate | increases salt in stool to draw in fluid to allow it to pass easier |
| pepto- bismol | blocks GI tract stimulation; to stop diarrhea |
| imodium | slows peristalsis and ^ time for absorption of fluid/electrolytes |
| Paregoric | not overthecounter; morphine is main ingredient; ^ muslce tone to stop peristalsis and diarrhea |
Created by:
nbfilter
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