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PSY dixon
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| behaviorism | emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior |
| cognitive psychology | study of how people learn, think, and remember |
| critical thinking | systematically evaluating information to come to a conclusion |
| culture | the beliefs, values, rules, norms, and customs within a group of people. |
| nature/nutrute debate | your DNA, and your environment both affect each other |
| mind/body problem | the argument of the mind and body being separate or together |
| functionalism | concerned with the adaptive purpose of mind and behavior |
| Gestalt Theory | based on the idea that once personal experience with something is different from others |
| Social Psychology | focuses on the power of situation and on the way people are shaped through their interactions with others |
| natural selection | mutations that facilitate survival |
| psychology | study of the mind, brain, and behavior |
| theory | explanation of how an observable things work |
| hypothesis | testable prediction about the outcome of an experiment |
| research | scientific process that involves the systematic and careful collection of data |
| data | objective observations or measurements |
| variable | something in the world that can vary and that a researcher can measure |
| descriptive studies | observing and noting behavior to analyze that behavior objectivity |
| naturalistic observation | observer remains separated from the situation and makes no attempt to change it |
| participant observation | researcher is involved in the situation |
| longitudinal studies | a research method that studies the same participants multiple times over a period of time |
| cross sectional studies | research method that compares participants in different groups at the same time |
| observer bias | systematic errors in observation that occur because of an observers expectations |
| experimenter expectancy effects | when observer expectations can even change the behavior being observed |
| correlational studies | research that examines how two things effect each other naturally |
| directionality problem | problem in correlation studies where they find a relationship between two variables but they can not determine which variable may have caused changes in the other variable |
| third variable problem | problem that occurs when the researcher cant directly manipulate |
| experiment | a study that tests causal hypothesis by measuring and manipulating variable |
| control group | comparison group that receives no intervention |
| experimental groups | treatment groups |
| confound | anything that affects a dependent variable and may unintentionally vary between the experimental conditions of a study |
| population | everyone in the group that the experiment is interested in |
| sample | subset of the population |
| selection bias | unintended differences between the participants in different groups |
| random assignment | placing research participants into the conditions of an experiment in such a way that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any level of the experiment |
| independent variable | variable manipulated |
| reactivity | when the knowledge that one is being observed alters the behavior being observed |
| case studies | research method tat involves the intensive examination of unusual people or organizations |
| self-report methods | methods of data collection in which people are asked to provide information about themselves, such as in questionnaires or surveys |
| neuron | cells that comprise our nervous system |
| cell body | contains the nucleus |
| dendrites | branches that receive signals |
| axon | carries signal to other cells |
| action potential | excitation of a constant magnitude that follows the axon to the next neuron |
| myelin sheath | layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon. it increases the speed of neural impulses |
| endorphines | linked to pain and pleasure |
| dopamine | movement, learning, attention |
| norepinephrine | controls alertness and arousal |
| endocrine glands | release hormones into the bloodstream |
| all or none principle | either the neuron fires or it doesnt |
| CNS | central nervous system; contains brain, spinal cord, optic nerve, and retna |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system; contains everything else |
| somatic nervous system | skin and muscles |
| autonomic nervous system | organs |
| brain stem | part of the human brain that contains the pons, medulla, and reticular activating system |
| pituitary gland | plays role in mediating anxiety, depression, and emotional memory |
| frontal lobe | helps coordinate planned movement, memory, and inhibition |
| occipital lobe | specialized for vision |
| temporal lobe | specialized in hearing and complex visual process |
| autonomic nervous system | part of the PNS that transmits sensory signals and motor signals between the CNS and the bodies glands and organs |
| sympathetic nervous system | increase in physiological arousal for the fight or flight response to danger |
| parasympathetic nervous system | lowers physiological arousal induced by the sympathetic nervous system when danger is no longer present |
| synesthesia | mixing up of the senses |
| brocas area | a small portion of the left frontal region of the brain that is crucial for the production of language |
| cerebral cortex | the outer later of brain tissue which forms the convoluted surface of the brain |
| dizygotic twins | twin siblings that result from two separately fertilized eggs and therefore are no more similar genetically then nontwin siblings |
| monozygotic twins | identical twins |
| epinephrine | a neurotransmitter responsible for bursts of energy after an event that is exciting or threatening |
| genes | units of heredity that help determine the characteristics of an organism |
| gonads | endocrine gland involved in sexual behavior |
| heritability | a statistical estimate of the extent to which variation in a trait within a population is due to genetic factors |
| hormones | chemicals released from the endocrine glands that influence targeted organs |
| neurotransmitters | chemical substances that carry signals from one neuron to another |
| prefrontal cortex | the frontmost portion of the frontal lobe that is important for attention, appropriate social behavior, personality |
| receptors | where neurotransmitters bind to after passing across the synaptic cleft |
| reuptake | the process whereby a neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptc terminal buttons, thereby stopping its activity |
| synapse | site which chemical communication occurs between neurons |
| synaptic cleft | the gap between the axon of a sending neuron and the dendrites of a receiving neuron. |
| terminal buttons | small nodules at the ends of axons that release information before that information reaches the cortex |
Created by:
cruseb1
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