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mood disorders
chapter 16 mood disorders
Question | Answer |
---|---|
pathological depression occurs when adaptation | is ineffective |
Definition of Mood | A pervasive and sustained emotion that may have a major influence on a person's perception of the world. |
Discription of Mania | An alteration in mood that is expressed by feelings of elation, inflated self esteem, grandiosity, hyperactivity, agitation and accelerated thinking |
Major depressive disorder is characterized by | depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. That has existed for at least 2 weeks, and no history of manic behavior. |
Premenstural dysphoric disorder | features markedly depressed mood, excessive anxiety, mood swings, and decreased interest in activity dduring the week prior to menses. |
When diagnosing children or adolescents with major depressive disorder look for these symptoms | irritable mood, failure to make expected with gains |
Bipolar disorder is characterized by | mood swings and profound depression to extreme euphoria with intervening periods of normalcy. |
A milder representation of the clinical symptoms of bipolar disorder is called | Hypomania |
Hypomania | is not severe enough to cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning or to require hospitalization. Does not include psychotic features. |
To be diagnosed with bipolar disorder patient must have a history of... | one or more manic episodes. |
what is the essential feature of cyclothymic disorder | chronic mood disturbance of at least 2 year duration, involving numerous episodes of hypomania and depressed mood of insufficient severity. |
Hippocampus | memory impairments, feelings of wothlesness, hopelessness and guilt |
Amygdala | Anhedonia, anxiety, reduced motivation |
Hypothalamus | Increased or decreased sleep and appetite, decreased energy and libido |
frontoal cortex | depressed mood, problems concentrating |
Cerebellum | psychomotor retardation/agitation |
all medications that increase serotonin and norepinephrine | can improve the emotional and vegetative symptoms of depression |
medications that can improve emotional symptoms of depression | block the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitters or block receptors at nerve endings. (TCAz;SSRIs; MAOIs) |
Blockade of serotonin reuptake results in side effects of | GI disturbances, increased agitation, and sexual dysfunction. |
TCA's and tetracyclic drugs | imipramine,amitriptyline, mirtazapine |
Imipramine,amityriptyine,mirtazapine TCA's and Tricylic drugs | block reuptake for serotonergic, noradrenergic, anticholinergic, and histamine |
bupropion, venlafaxine and duloxetine | block serotonin and NE reuptake and also are weak inhibitors of dopamine. |
blockade of NE reuptake results in side effects | tremors, cardiac arrhythmias, sexual dysfunction, and hypertension. |
blockade of dopamine reuptake results in side effects | psychomotor activation |
blockade of acetylcholine reuptake results in side effects | dry mouth,blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention |
blockade of histamine reuptake results in side effects | sedation and hypotension |
the most common psychiatric disorder of the elderly | Senescence |
ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) | Effective treatment in major depression in the elderly |
ECT used in elderly whom has | acute suicidal risk or unable to tolerate antidepressant medications. |
some side effects of TCAs | Lowers seizure threshold, wieght gain and sexual dysfunction |
TCAs are absolutely contraindicated in cases of | severe heart disease and untreated narrow-angle glaucoma |
2 hours after ingestion of a food or drug high in tyramine | severe occipital and or temporal pounding HA with occasional photophobia, sense of choking, neck stiffness and feeling of dread |
SNRIs medications | venlafaxine (Effexor) duloxetine(Cymbalta) have fewer anticholinergic and cardio side effects |
All antidepressants carry what black box warnings for what | increased risk of suicidality in children and adolescents |