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PSY 420 - Ch. 2

Research Methods

QuestionAnswer
An event that an organism will seak out. Appetiive stimulus
An event that an organism will avoid. Aversive stimulus
The normal frequency of a behavior before some intervention. Baseline
A descriptive research approac that involves intensive examination of one or a few individuals. Case study approach
A type of single-subject design in which the effect of the treatment is demonstrated by how closely the behavior matches a criterion that is systematically altered. Changing-criterion design
A type of control group design in which different species constitute one of the independent variables. Comparative design
A predictive relationship between two events such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probable occurence of the other. Contingency
A type of experiement in which subjects are randomly assigned to either an experiment (treatment)group or control group; subjects assigned to the experimental group are exposed to certain manipulation or treatment, the control group are not. Control group design
Behavior that can be subjectively perceived only by the person performing the behavior. Thoughts and feelings are covert behaviors. AKA provate events/behaviors Covert behavior
A device that measures total number of responses over time and proves a graphic depiction of the rate of behavior. Cumulative recorder
The aspect of an experiment that is allowed to freely vary to determine if it is affected by changes in the IV. Dependent Variable
The prolonged absence of an event that tends to increase the appetiviteness of that event. Deprivation
Research that focuses on describing the behavior and the situation within which it occurs. Descriptive research
The length of time that an individual repeatedly or continuously performs a certain behavior. Duration
A procedure that affects the appetitiveness or aversiveness of a stimulus. Establishing operation
The relationship between changes in an IV and changes in a DV; a cause-and-effect relationship. Functional relationship
That aspect of an experiment that is made to systematically vary across the different condtions in an experiment. Independent variable
The force or magnitude of the behavior. Intensity
The measurement of whether or not a bejavior occurs within a series of continuous intervals. (Note that a number of times that the behavior occurs within each interval is irrelevant. Interval recording
The length of time requried for the learning to begin. Latency
A type of single-subject design in which a treatment is instituted at a successive points in time for two or more persons, settings, or behaviors. Multiple-baseline design
A descriptive research approach that involves the systematic observation and recording of behavior in its natural enviornment. Naturalistic observation
Bejavior that has potential for being directly observed by an individual other than the one performing the behavior. Overt behavior
The frequency with which a response occurs in a certain period of time. Rate of response
A partciular instance of behavior. Response
A type of single-subject design that involves repeted alternations between a baseline period and a treatment period. Reversal design
The prolonged exposure to (or consumption of) an event that tends to decrease the appetitiveness of that event. Satiation
A type of single-subject design in which bejavior in a baseline condition is compared to behavior in treatment condition. Simple-comparison design
The extent to which events are situated close toe each other in space. Spatial contiguity
The amount of time required to to perform a complete episode of a behavior from start to finish. Speed
Any even that can potentially influence behaior. Stimulus
The extent to which events occur close together in time. Temporal contiguity
The measurment of whether or not a behavior occurs within a series of sicontinuous intervals. (The number of times that it occurs within each interval is irrelevant) Time-sample recording
A physical form of behavior Topography
A characteristic of a person, place, or thing that can change over time or from one situation to another. Variable
Created by: nga
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