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Med.Term. Ch.2
Body Structure
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anterior | toward the front of the body, organ, or structure |
| anteroposterior | pertaining to the front and the back of the body, or passing from the front to the back of the body |
| inferior | pertaining to below, lower, or toward the tail |
| scan | process of using a moving device or sweeping beam of radiation to produce images of an internal organ, area, or tissue in the body |
| adduction | movement towards the midline of the body |
| adbuction | movement away from the midline of the body |
| superior (cephalic, cranial) | above, higher, toward the head |
| inferior (caudal) | below, lower, toward the back |
| anterior (ventral) | front of the body, toward the front |
| posterior (dorsal) | back of the body, toward the back |
| medial | pertaining to the middle, toward the midline |
| lateral | pertaining to the side, toward the side |
| external | outside, exterior to |
| internal | within, interior to |
| superficial | toward or on the surface |
| deep | away from the surface |
| proximal | near the point of attachment |
| distal | farther from the point of attachment |
| parietal | pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity |
| visceral | pertaining to the organs within a cavity |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| caud/o | tail |
| cephal/o | head |
| cervic/o | neck, cervix uteri (neck of uterus) |
| crani/o | cranium (skull) |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| ili/o | ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone) |
| inguin/o | groin |
| lumb/o | loins (lower back) |
| pelv/i, pelv/o | pelvis |
| spin/o | spine |
| thorac/o | chest |
| umbilic/o | umbilicus, navel |
| anter/o | anterior, front |
| dist/o | far, fartherst |
| dors/o | back (of the body) |
| infer/o | lower, below |
| later/o | side, to one side |
| medi/o | middle |
| poster/o | back (of the body), behind, posterior |
| proxim/o | near, nearest |
| super/o | upper, above |
| ventr/o | belly, belly side |
| cyt/o | cell |
| hist/o | tissue |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| radi/o | radiation, x-ray, radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side) |
| -ad | toward |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -algia, -dynia | pain |
| -gen, -genesis | forming, producing origin |
| -logist | specialist in the study of |
| -logy | study of |
| -lysis | separation, destruction, loosening |
| -meter | instrument to measure |
| -plasia | formation, growth |
| -toxic | poison |
| bi- | two |
| epi- | above, on |
| infra- | below, under |
| trans- | across, through |
| adhesion | band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other |
| inflammation | protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy |
| sepsis | body's inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure |
| endoscopy | visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lightened instrument called an endoscope |
| fluoroscopy | (radiographic procedure) uses fluorescent screen to produce a visual image from x-rays. produces a continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | (radiographic technique) uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body |
| nuclear scan | (diagnostic technique) produces image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a tracer (is put into body by ingestion, inhalation) |
| radiography | producing captured shadow images on a photographic film through action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source |
| radiopharmaceutical | drug that contains a radioactive substance. It travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned |
| tomography | (radiographic technique) produces film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at t predetermined depth |
| computed tomography scan (CT) | narrow x-rays beam, targets a specific organ or body area, produces lots of cross-sectional images to deter pathological conditions such as tumors or metastases |
| positron emission tomography scan (PET) | (nuclear imaging) combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals to produce a cross-sectional image of radioactive dispersements in a body section. These reveal where body is metabolized and where there is a metabolism deficiency. in Alzheimer disease, epilepsy |
| single-photon emmission computed tomography scan (SPECT) | (nuclear imaging) scans organs after radioactive tracer injection. employs a gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce 3d images from numerous views. Used for blood flow and functioning in organs |
| ant | anterior |
| AP | anteroposterior |
| Bx, bx | bioposy |
| CXR | chest x-ray, chest radiograph |
| LAT, lat | lateral |
| PA | posteroanterior |
| Sx | symptom |
| Tx | treatment |
| cellular level | molecules combine to form cells (basic structural and functional units of the body) |
| tissue level | groups of cells that work together to perform a specialized function |
| organ level | structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue with specific functions |
| system level | related organs with a common function |
| organism level | collection of body systems that make up a human (Most complex level) |
| median place | verticle plane that passes through body midline (midsaggital plane) |
| frontal plane | plane that divides body into front and back portions (coronal plane) |
| horizontal plane | plane that separates body into superior and inferior portions (transverse plane) |
| abdominal quadrants | page 28 |
| abdominopelvic regions | page 29 |
| body positions for examination | page 30 and 31 |
| erect standing position | (anatomical position). page 31 |
| trendelenburg positions | patient is lying flat on his back and the table is tilted with the head of the table is downward |
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