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Life Span 8th
psycology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Replication | The repetition of a study, using different participants. (Needed before scientific community accepts conclusions) |
| Scientific Method | A way to answer questions using empirical research and data based conclusions. |
| Empirical | Based on observations, repeated experiences, verifiable experiments, (not theoretical). |
| Science of human Development | The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time. |
| Experiment | The research method in which the researcher tries to determine the cause and effect relationship between two variables by manipulating one(independent variable) and changing the other (dependent variable). |
| Independent Variable | The variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent variable (experimental variable). |
| Dependent Variable | Variable that may change as a result of whatever new conditions or situations the experimenter adds. (depends on the indecent variable) |
| Survey | A research method in which information is collected from a large number of people by interviews or questionnaires. |
| Cross-Sectional research | A research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics. |
| Longitudinal Research | A research design in which the same individuals are followed over time and their development is repeatedly assessed. |
| Cross-Sequential Research | A hybrid research design in which researchers first study several groups of people of different ages and the follow those groups over the years. |
| Correlation | A relationship between two variables. (a number between +1.0 and -1.0 indicates degree of relationship) |
| Quantitative Research | Research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers, such as ranks or scales. |
| Qualitative Research | Research that consider qualities instead of quantities. |
| Code of Ethics | A set of moral principles that members of a profession or group are expected to follow. |
| Institutional Review Board (IRB) | A group that exists within most educational and medical institutions whose purpose is to ensure that research follows established guidelines and remains ethical. |
| Life-Span Perspective | An approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life. |
| Ecological-Systems Approach | The view that in the study of human development, the person should be considered in all the contexts and interactions that constitute a life. (Bioecological Theory) |
| Bioecological | The system that surrounds each person. The interrelationship of each organism and its environment. |
| Microsystem | Elements of the immediate surroundings. (Family, Friend, School) |
| Exosystem | Local institutions such as school system, church, work place. |
| Macrosystem | The larger contexts ex: values, economic policies, and political processes. |
| Mesosystem | Connects all systems (micro, macro, exo) ex: interface between - work and family -family leave policies -overtime |
| Cohort | A group defined by the shared age of its members. -each born at the same time -moves through life together -experience the same historical events and cultural shifts. |
| Socioeconomic Status (SES) | A person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence (social class). |
| Ethic Group | People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share language, culture, and religion. |
| Race | A group of people who are regarded by themselves or by other as distinct appearance (outward appeared) *can be misleading* |
| Mirror Neurons | Cells in an observer's brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer had actually performed that action. |
| Multidirectional | A perspective that enables researchers to recognize that gain and losses often occur simultaneously. ex:going to college, getting married |
| Multicontextual | Life-span perspective is that development is multi contextual, occurring is multi contextual, occurring in many context including physical surroundings (climate, noise population). |
| Multicultural | Meaning and information system shared by a group and transmitted across generations; allows the group to meet basic needs of survival, pursue happiness and well-being. |
| Multidisciplinary | Studying one phenomenon, one species, within domain at one age. Development is usually segmented into 3 domains -biological-cognitive-social |
| Plasticity | Denotes two complementary aspects 1 Human traits can be molded 2 yet people maintain certain durability of identity |
| Chronosystem | Emphasizes the importance of historical time. |
| Dynamic Systems | A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical and emotional being and between the person and every aspect of his/her environment, including the family and society. |
| Sensitive Period | A time when a certain type of development is most likely although it may still happen later. |
| Critical Period | A time when a particular type of development growth (in the body or behavior) must happen if it is ever going to happen. |
| Nuture | A general term for all the environmental influences that affect development after an individual is conceived. |
| Nature | A general term for the traits, capacities and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his/her parents at conception. |
Created by:
aglana
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