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Section 1 RCP 120 JH
RCP 120 Section 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do Alpha receptors do? | Think Vasoconstrict in mucus membranes. Less swelling less edema |
| Beta Receptors do what? | Generally excite with exception of heart where it stimulates. |
| Explain beta 1. | Heart increases rate, velocity and force |
| Explain beta 2. | Lungs broncodialates |
| Parasympathetic stimulation effects? | At heart: Decreases rate, force, and velocity. At lungs: Vasoconstricts, increases mucus secretions |
| Nervous impulses are conducted by what? | Electrical and chemical means |
| Where does chemical transmission of electrical impulse occur? | At the synapses |
| What is the chemical transmitter in the parasympathetic branch? | Acetylcholine |
| What inactivates (or inhibits) Acetylcholine? | Cholinesterase |
| Other name for Parasympathomemetics? | Cholinergic |
| Other name for Parasympatholytics? | anti-cholinergic |
| Other name for sympathomemetics? | Adrenergic |
| Other name for Sympatholytics? | Anti-adrenergic |
| Most common used class of drugs used by RCP's | sympathomemetic |
| What drugs act where acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter? | Cholinergic and anti-colinergic |
| What drugs act where norepinepherine is neurotransmitter? | Adrenergic and anti-adrenergic |
| Another name for norepinepherine? | Adrenaline |
| Explain Beta receptor pathway in the Sympathetic branch.... | 1. Norepinepherine 2. adenylcyclase 3. ATP 4. cyclic AMP 5. Phosphodiesterase |
| How do we reverse bronchoconstriction with medications? | With beta-sympathomemetics (adrenogerics)these meds increase amount of Cyclic AMP therefore allowing bronchodialation. OR parasympatholytics which BLOCK Cyclic GMP allowing AMP to increase allowing bronchodialation |
| Another name for Generic? | Non-Proprietary |
| Another name for Trade name? | Proprietary |
| Passive diffusion? | No energy (ATP) required |
| Facilitated diffusion? | No energy (ATP) required uses carriers and transport is more rapid |
| Simple Diffustio? | Does not require energy and relies on concentration gradient from higher concentration to lower. |
| Filtration? | Filters through pores |
| Active Transport? | Does require energy (ATP) and moves against a concentration gradient; lower to higher. |
| Pinocytosis? | cell eats extra cellular fluid |
| What is major site of drug metabolism? | The Liver |
| Excretion of a drug from the system occurs primarily through what organ? | The Kidneys |
| Drug affinity? | Measure of attraction of a drug with a receptor site. |
| Drug efficacy? | Stimulates |
| Agonist- | attaches and stimulates; has affinity and efficacy |
| Antagonist- | blocks |
| Antagonism | 2 drugs with opposing effects |
| Cumulation- | Drug is not excreted as fast as it is administered |
| Tolerance | More drug is needed to produce the same effect. |
| Tachyphylaxis | Rapidly developing a tolerance |
| Additive | (1+1=2) 2 drugs together give effect equal to individual effect |
| Synergism- | (1+0=2) 2 different drugs; one inactive on receptor site and one active produces greater effect than one active drug does 50 |
| Potentiation- | (1+1=3) 2 drugs together make effect greater than one drug alone |
| TI= LD50/ED50 | Therapeutic index= lethal dose 50/effective dose |
| LD50? ED50? | Lethal dose 50: Dose amount lethal to 50% of test population Effective dose 50: dose amount that is effective in 50% of test population |
| Low number for TI? High number for TI? | More dangerous Safer |
| How do you figure TI? | take LD50 and divide by ED50 that number is your TI; higer number is safer than lower number |
| 3 basic phases of drug action? | 1. Drug administration Phase 2. Pharmacokinetic 3. Pharmacodynamic |
| Explain drug administration phase. | Depends on form and route of administration |
| Explain pharmacokinetic phase | Absorbtion, distribution, metablolism and elimination |
| Explain pharmacodynamic phase | Think lock and key answers the question of how a paticular drug works |
| What is the main funstion of Liver? | Metabolism of medications |
| What is main function of Kidneys? | Excretion of medications |
| Autonomic nervous system does what? | Controls involuntary, unconcious control mechanisms of the body |
| Where is respiratory center located? Vasometer that controls blood pressure? | Medulla oblangata Medulla oblangata |
| Is parasympathetic or sympathetic essential to life? | Parasympathetic; it controls day to day functions. |
| What division is responsible for Fight-or-Flight? | Sympathetic Division |
| Explain neurotransmitter control | Electrical impulse, being converted into chemical |
| Sympathetic effects at heart? " " " Lungs? | Increases rate, force and velocity. Relax and dialate (bronchodialates) increases mucus production |
| Chemical neurotransmitter in Sympathetic branch? | Norepinepherine |
| Drugs that are similar to norepinepherine in structure | Catacholamines |
| What is primarily responsible for terminating the action of norepinepherine? | Reuptake process 1 |
| Explain reuptake process 1- | -norepinepherine is reabsorbed into membranes of the neuron |
| Explain reuptake process 2- | -uptake in non-neuronal tissues |
| Methods of action for termination the a ction of norepinepherine other than reuptake processes? | Enzymatic- COMT and MAO |
| COMT? | is responsible for ending action of catecholimine bronchodialators. it very rapidly inactivates drugs such as epinepherine** Therefore these drugs are not useful for long term therapy. |
| MAO? | capeable of degrading catecholimines... bc it is found in the GI tract it makes oral use of catecholamines very ineffective |
| What determines bronchodialation? | The level of Cyclic AMP |
| WHat is it called when beta receptors become unresponsive to stimulation? | Beta blockade; this can also be induced pharmacologically with beta blocking agents |
| What does Cyclic AMP do? | Relaxes smooth muscle to cause bronchodialation and stops mast cell breakdown |
| Explain beta receptor pathway in PARASYMPATHETIC division | 1. Norepinepherine 2. Guanylcyclase 3. ATP 4. Cyclic GMP 5. Phosphodiesterase |
| What does Cyclic GMP do? | 1. Contracts smooth muscle causing bronchoconstriction 2. excites mast cells releasing histamine and other bronchoconstricting mediators |
Created by:
joydurham
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