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SocPsy - Week 2
Social Psychology with Professor Scott Plous
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| spotlight effect | The belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are. |
| illusion of transparency | The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others. |
| self-concept | What we know and believe about ourselves. |
| self-schema | Beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information. |
| possible selves | Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future. |
| social comparison | Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others. |
| individualism | The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. |
| independent self | Construing one’s identity as an autonomous self. |
| collectivism | Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly. |
| interdependent self | Construing one’s identity in relation to others. |
| planning fallacy | The tendency to under- estimate how long it will take to complete a task. |
| impact bias | Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events. |
| immune neglect | The human tendency to underestimate the speed and the strength of the “psychological immune system,” which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad things happen. |
| dual attitude system | Differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (consciously controlled) attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms new habit. |
| self-esteem | A person’s overall self- evaluation or sense of self-worth. |
| terror management theory | Proposes that people exhibit self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality. |
| self-efficacy | A sense that one is competent and effective, distinguished from self-esteem, which is one’s sense of self-worth. A sharpshooter in the military might feel high self-efficacy and low self-esteem. |
| locus of control | The extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces. |
| learned helplessness | The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events. |
| self-serving bias | The tendency to perceive oneself favorably. |
| self-serving attributions | A form of self-serving bias; the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors. |
| defensive pessimism | The adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing one’s anxiety to motivate effective action. |
| false consensus effect | The tendency to overestimate the commonality of one’s opinions and one’s undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors. |
| false uniqueness effect | The tendency to underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable or successful behaviors. |
| group-serving bias | Explaining away outgroup members’ positive behaviors; also attributing negative behaviors to their dispositions (while excusing such behavior by one’s own group). |
| self-handicapping | Protecting one’s self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure. |
| self-presentation | The act of expressing oneself and behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression or an impression that corresponds to one’s ideals. |
| self-monitoring | Being attuned to the way one presents oneself in social situations and adjusting one’s performance to create the desired impression. (Also known as being a "social chameleon"). |
| central route to persuasion | When people are motivated and able to think about an issue, they are likely to take this method of persuasion—focusing on the arguments |
| peripheral route to persuasion | Rather than noticing whether the arguments are particularly compelling, people might follow this method of persuasion—focusing on cues that trigger automatic acceptance without much thinking. |
| credibility | perceived expertise and trustworthiness |
| sleeper effect | Delayed persuasion, after people forget the source or its connection with the message. |
| Forms of attractiveness that aid persuasion | Physical attractiveness and similarity |
Created by:
Steve Robbins
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