Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Symptoms 1
flash cards for Pt A class with Moore
| Term | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| Signs Vs Symptoms | Signs: Subjective, Patient description, Measured by the patient's perception (anything the patient says they are experiencing) | Symptoms: Objective, Measurable, Assessed Values (tachycardia, bradycardia) |
| Assessing Symptoms is important in order to determine the.... | 1.) Seriousness of problem, 2.) potential underlying causes of problem 3.) effectiveness of the treatment | |
| Primary symptoms of Cardiopulmonary disorders are: | - Cough - Sputum production - Hemoptysis - shortness of breath - chest pain | |
| Hemoptysis | Coughing up blood | |
| Dyspnea | Difficulty breathing | |
| A cough | is a protective reflex by the stimulation of receptors in the: -pharynx -larynx -bronchi -lung and visceral pleura. | |
| Coughing is caused by these types of stimulation: | 1.) Mechanical (obstructive, airway tension) 2.) Inflammatory (chemical allergy) 3.) Thermal stimulation of receptors | |
| Inflammatory Stimulation is due to: | - Infection - lung abscess - drug reaction - allergy - edema - hyperemia - collagen vascular disease - radiotherapy - pneumoconiosis - tuberculosis | |
| Mechanical Stimulation is due to: | -inhaled dust -suction catheter -presence of food | |
| Obstructive Stimulation of coughing is due to: | -foreign bodies -aspirations of nasal secretions -tumors or granulomas within or around lung -aortic aneurysm | |
| Airway Wall Tension Stimulation of coughing is due to: | -pulmonary edema -atelectasis - fibrosis - chronic interstitial pneumonitis | |
| Chemical Stimulation of coughing is due to: | Inhaled irritants: gas, fumes, smoke, etc | |
| Temperature Stimulation of coughing is due to: | hot or cold air | |
| Stimulation of coughing due to ear: | tactile pressure in ear canal or otitis media (middle ear infection) | |
| Pulmonary edema looks like.... and should be treated with.... | pink frothy secretions... diuretics | |
| Atalactisis | collapsed alveoli | You may hear popping or cracking when the alveoli begin to fill again. |
| Fibrosis | overuse causing shearing damage | Shearing damage caused by bending back and forth, eventually forming weak points that break and is replaced with scar tissue. |
| Afferent Pathway of a cough | vagus -> phrenic -> glossopharyngeal -> trigeminal nerves | |
| Efferent Pathway of a cough | Phrenic and Spinal nerve | |
| Phases of Coughing | Inspiratory, Compression, Expiratory | |
| Reduced effectiveness of coughing is due to: | weak inspiration and expiration muscles, malfunction of glottis opening and closing, altered airways, decrease of lung recoil, abnormal quantity/quality of mucus production | |
| Acute Vs Chronic Coughing | Acute: has a sudden onset, severe, short course, self limiting like a viral infection. | Chronic: is persistant, last longer than 3 weeks, may be caused by post nasal drip, COPD, Allergic rhinitis, GERD, Chronic Bronchitis and left heart failure. |
| Paroxysmal | periodic prolonged forceful episodes of coughing. | |
| Associated symptoms of coughing | Wheezing, Stridor, Chest Pain and Dyspnea | |
| Complications of coughing | may cause torn chest muscles, rib fractures, a distruption of surgical wounds, pneumothorax, syncope, arrhythmia, esophageal rupture and urinary incontinence | |
| Sputum production vs. Phlegm | Sputum: Secretions from tracheobronchial tree, pharynx, mouth, sinuses and nose. | Phlegm: Secretions from lungs and tracheobronchial tree. |
| Components of Sputum | -Mucus -Cellular Debris -Microorganisms -Blood -Pus -Foreign Particles | Normal production: 100mL/ day |
| Abnormal Sputum Production | Excessive Production | Should pay close attention to: color, quantity, consistency, odor, time of day, and presence of blood |
| Causes of Hemoptysis | -Bronchopulmonary, Cardiovascular, Hematologic, or Systemic Disorders - Fungal infections - Tuberculosis | |
| Look at Table 3.3 for Presumptive Sputum Analysis | Appearances Possible causes clear normal Black smoke/ dust inhalation Brownish cig. smoker Frothy white or pink Aspiration | |
| Hemoptysis Vs. Hematemesis | Hemoptysis= cough up blood | Hematemesis= vomit blood |
| view table 3-4 for distinguishing hemoptysis and hematemesis | history associated symptoms blood pH mixed with froth color | |
| SOB- Short or Breath | distressing symptom of respiratory disease, limiting ability to function | |
| Dyspnea | subjective experience of breathing discomfort: perception of the sensation: breathless, short winded, or feeling like they are sufficating | |
| Scoring system of Dyspnea | Scale 0 (No SOB) - 10 (max SOB) modified by: Borg Scale | |
| Causes, Types and clinical presentation of Dyspnea | -WOB abnormally high for given level of exertion -Ventilatory capacity is reduced -Drive to breath is elevated | |
| Look at Table 3-7 and 3-8 for types of dyspnea and causes | ||
| Clinical types of dyspnea | Cardiac and Circulatory, Psychogenic, Hyperventilation, Acute/Recurrent, or Chronic | |
| Cardiac/ circulatory Types of Dyspnea | Inadequate supply of oxygen to tissues; Primarily during exercise | |
| Psychogenic types of Dyspnea | Panic Disorders, not related to exertion | |
| Hyperventilation | Exceeding body's metablolic need; Results in hypocapnia and decreased cerebral blood flow. | |
| Acute or Recurrent Dyspnea | In Children: asthma, bronchiolitis, Croup, epiglottitis In Adults: asthma, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, pulmonary edema,hyperventilation and panic disorders | |
| Chronic Dyspnea | Most common in COPD or CHF | |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) | sudden dyspnea when sleeping in recumbent position, associated with coughing, sign of left heart failure | |
| Orthopnea | dyspnea when lying down associated with left heart failure | |
| Trepopnea | dyspnea when lying on one side, unilateral lung disease, pleural effusion | |
| Platypnea | dyspnea in upright position | |
| Orthodeoxia | hypoxemia in upright position, releived by returning to a recumbent position | |
| Platypnea and orthodeoxia are seen in patients with right to left intracardia shunts or venoarterial shunts | just so you know! | |
| Causes of chest pain | cardia ischemia, inflammatory disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, trauma, anxiety, referred pain from indegestion, dissecting aortic aneurysm | |
| Cardinal Symptoms of heart disease | angina (pain) | |
| Pleuritic pain | -inspiratory, sharp and abrupt in onset -worsens with inspiration, cough, sneeze, hiccup, or laughter - increases with pressure and movement | |
| Chest wall pain | -intercostal and pectoral muscles -well localized | |
| Dizziness and Fainting (syncope) | -temporary loss of consciousness (from reduced cerebral blood flow and oxygen) | |
| Causes of Syncope (dizziness and fainting) | 1) Thrombosis- embolism, atherosclerotic obstruction 2.) Pulmonary- embolism, bouts of coughing, hypoxia, hypocapnia | |
| Vasovagal | -loss of peripheral venous tone -most common cause of syncope | |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | -sudden drop in BP when standing -dizziness, blurred vision and weakness -elderly, vasodilator use, dehydration | |
| Carotid Sinus Syncope | hypersenstive carotid sinuses, slow pulse rate, and decreased BP | |
| Tussive Syncope | caused by strong coughing, mainly in men with COPD obesity, smokers, and frequent users of alcohol | |
| Edema | soft tissue swelling from abnormal accumulation of fluid | |
| Bilateral peripheral edema | most often occurs in ankles and lower legs, due to left or right heart failure | |
| Cor Pulmonale | Right heart failure | |
| Euthermia | 97-99.5*F temp/ 36-37.5*C | |
| FEVER: Hyperthermia/ Pyrexia | sustained, remittent, intermittent, relapsing | |
| Causes of Fever | -hot environment -dehydration -reaction to chemicals -drugs -hypothalamic damage -infection -malignancy | |
| personality changes in advance pulmonary disorders | forgetfulness, inability to concentrate, anxiety and irritability | |
| cerebral hypoxia and hypercapnia due to lung disease or high altitude | causes a headache | |
| SNORING | is a serious concern when associated with apnea | |
| When snoring goes bad... | causes daytime fatigue, may cause occupational accidents, loss of employment, social dysfunction, and motor vehicle accidents | |
| GERD- Gastroesophageal Reflux | -Heartburn and regurgitation -Extraesophageal manifestations such as: laryngitis, asthma, chronic and nocturnal dry cough, chest pain, and dental erosion -Occurs more than twice a week | |
| Risk factors of GERD | obesity, smokers, and pregnancy |
Created by:
paigey2687
Popular Respiratory Therapy sets