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Psych Chp 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social psychology | how people think, interact, influence and are influenced by the thoughts, feelings and behaviours of others |
| Social influence | Ways in which people change their behaviour or attitudes due to the influence of others, either directly or indirectly. |
| Group | 2 or more people who are influencing or have the potential to and are all working towards a common goal/have a common interest or purpose |
| Collective (aggregate) | A group of people with minimal influence on one another and do not interact with each other |
| Status | An individual's position in their group, as perceived by others, whether real or imagined |
| Power | An individual’s ability to control or strongly influence the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of others |
| Coercive power | Authority or power that is dependent on fear, suppression of free will, and use of punishment or threat, for its existence |
| Expert power | Ability to influence other parties based on expertise and knowledge. Expert power in an organization is the ability to influence the behaviour of others in the organization based solely on past experience and expertise in a specific area. |
| Deception | Deliberately misleading participants of an experiment and not sharing with them the true nature of the experiment so as to not alter their natural response |
| Debriefing | Fully informing participants about all aspects of a study once it is over. It is to ensure that the participants have not experienced any lasting harm from the experiment |
| Conformity | Acting according to certain accepted standards and status quo |
| Confederate | An acquaintance of the researcher who takes part in a study in order to influence participants’ behaviour |
| Normative influence (factor affecting conformity) | Conforming because we believe that others expect us to behave in a particular way or to hold a particular attitude |
| Informational influence (factor affecting conformity) | Conforming because we believe the information we are presented with to be true |
| Culture (factor affecting conformity) | Your culture influences your actions. Being in a certain culture influences a person’s behaviour. Example: Being in a certain ethnic group may make you part of a certain religion. |
| Unanimity (factor affecting conformity) | Unanimity is changing an opinion because of the majority and the size of the group you are in. Example: Saying you like AFL in a large group, when you actually hate it. |
| Withdrawal rights | The freedom to discontinue participation in a study at any time, including withdrawal of data. Withdrawal rights means that a participant is able to quit the study at any stage. |
| Informational power | The perception that someone has information that is useful and cannot be obtained elsewhere. Example: A specialist in forensics has knowledge that we may not have. |
| Legitimate power | An individual has the right to prescribe behaviour for another. Legitimate power means that an individual has authority to give out orders. Example: An SES worker in a bushfire can tell others what to do because of their legal authority. |
| Referent power | Referent power is when an individual aspires to be like another because of certain traits they display. Example: Wanting to be like Chris Judd because he is a good football player. |
| Reward power | Reward power is being about to give out consequences that may be positive or negative, depending on behaviours. Example: An employer giving a bonus for good work. |
| Obedience | Obedience is when an individual is told what to do by someone, rather than asked. Example: A student being told to keep quiet, rather than asked. |
| Authority figure | An authority figure is someone who has a higher status than another |
| Social proximity (factor affecting obedience) | The closer an individual is to an authority figure, the more chance they have of complying with them. Example: Doing what your mum tells you to do when you are home, but ignoring her calls when you are out. |
| Legitimacy of the authority figure (factor affecting obedience) | Something that shows that they are of a higher hierarchy and they have more authority. Legitimacy of the authority figure is something that shows they are of a higher status. Example: A scientist wearing a lab coat. |
| Group pressure (factor affecting obedience) | Group pressure is an influence that a certain group may have on you. Example: Mean girls – On Wednesdays we wear pink. |
| Social loafing (factor affecting conformity from Grivas pdf) | Deliberately not helping a group. Social loafing is not putting in an effort when in a team. Example: Feeling like you shouldn’t bother to raise money for a fundraiser, because heaps of people are already. |
| Deindividuation (factor affecting conformity) | Deindividuation means not being seen as much of an individual when placed in a group. Example: You may be seen as an individual in your friend group because you can do the splits, but you wouldn’t if you were compared to the whole school. |
| Social learning theory | Proposes that all our behaviours are learned and occur as a result of whether they were rewarded or punished. The Social Learning Theory explains that being either rewarded or punished forms our behaviour. |
| Peer group | A group made up of people with similar interests, who do the same sort of things and associate or interact with one another on relatively equal terms. Example: A friendship group. |
| Peer pressure | Social influence from peers that leads people to behave in ways they might not want to behave when alone. Example: Friends pressuring you to drink at a party. |
| Risk taking behaviour | Risk taking is any behaviour that can cause a negative outcome. Example: Not wearing a seat belt in the car. |
| Reckless behaviour | To behave recklessly is to behave the way you want to without regard for any negative consequences to yourself or to others. Example: Drink-driving |
| Rebellious behaviour | Rebellious is a behaviour that is mischievous and can sometimes be dangerous. Example: Sneaking out at night. |
| thrill–seeking behaviour | The tendency to pursue sensory pleasure and excitement. Thrill-seeking is a behaviour that brings a person pleasure or excitement. Example: Skydiving. |
Created by:
Monique Mair
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