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symptoms gab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| signs for cardiopulmonary distress are | subjective, patient description EX) pain, shortness of breath, cough |
| symptoms for cardiopulmonary distress are | objective, measurable, and assessed values EX) vital signs |
| assess symptoms to determine .. | seriousness of problem, potential underlying cause, effectiveness of treatment |
| what are the 5 primary symptoms of cardiopulmonary disorders | -cough -sputum production -hemoptysis -dyspnea -chest pain |
| what is the protective reflex our bodies use | cough |
| what causes the cough | inflammatory, mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimulation of receptors |
| what are our cough receptors | pharynx, larynx, trachea, large bronchi, lung, and visceral pleura |
| key to determine etiology | careful history, physical exam, and CXR |
| possible causes of inflammation | infection, lung absceses, drug reaction, allergy, edema, hyperemia, tuberculosis |
| mechanical stimulation | inhaled dust, suction catheter, food |
| obstruction stimulation | tumors, foreign bodies |
| chemical stimulation | inhaled irritant, gases, fumes, smoke |
| temperature stimulants | inhaled hot or cold air |
| ear stimulants | pressure in the middle ear |
| what is atelectasis | collapsed alveoli |
| what is fibrosis | damage to the lung areas/ scar tissue |
| nerves included in the Afferent pathway | vagus, phrenic, glossopharyngeal, and trigeminal |
| nerves included in the Efferent pathway | smooth muscles of larynx & tracheobronchial tree via phrenic, spinal |
| what reduces the effectiveness of a cough | stroke, obstruction, emphysema, thick sputum |
| what does acute mean | sudden onset, severe, viral infection(self-limiting) |
| what does chronic mean | persistent, lasts over 3 weeks, |
| paroxysmal | periodic, prolonged, forceful episodes |
| associated symptoms of coughing | -wheezing -stridor -chest pain -dyspnea |
| what is stridor | high pitched, musical breathing. (inspiratory) |
| complications of cough | torn chest muscle, rib fractures, disruption of surgical wounds, arrhythmia, urinary incontinence |
| what is sputum | secrections from tracheobronchial tree, pharynx, mouth, sinuses, nose |
| phlegm | secretions from lungs |
| components of sputum | mucus, cellular debris, microorganisms, blood, pus, foreign objects |
| normal sputum production | 100ml/day |
| aspects of abnormal sputum | color, quantity, consistency, odor, time of day, presence of blood |
| hemoptysis | sputum containing blood |
| causes of hemoptysis | cardiovascular, hematologic, systemic disorders, TB, bronchiopulmonary |
| hematemesis | vomited blood, swallowed from resp tract |
| causes of hematemesis | alcoholism or cirrhosis of the liver |
| blood PH of hemoptysis | alkaline |
| blood PH OF hematemesis | acidic |
| SOB | shortness of breath, cardinal symptom of cardiac disease |
| dyspnea | breathing discomfort ; breathless, short-winded |
| scoring system for dyspnea | 0-10 (10 max SOB), Questionnaire, borg scale |
| types of dyspnea | cardiac and circulatory, psychogenic, hyperventilation |
| cardiac dyspnea | inadequate supply of o2 to tissues; prim during exercise |
| psychogenic dyspnea | panic disorder, not related to exertion |
| hyperventilation dyspnea | results on hypocapnia and decreased cerebral blood flow; resp rate exceeds body's metabolic need |
| chronic dyspnea | COPD, CHF |
| acute dyspnea | asthma, bronchitis croup; in children, hyperventilation, panic disorder, pneumonia; in adults |
| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | when sleeping in recumbent position ; ass. with coughing; sign of left heart failure |
| orthopnea | when lying down; ass with left heart failure |
| trepopnea | when lying on one side; unilateral lung disease, pleural effusion |
| platypnea | dyspnea in upright position |
| orthodeoxia | hypoxemia in upright position, relieved by returning to a recumbent position |
| causes of chest pain | cardiac ischemia; inflam. disease of thorax, abdomen; trauma anxiety |
| syncope | dizziness and fainting |
| causes of syncope | thrombosis, embolism, atherosclerotic obstruction ; bouts of laughing, hypoxia |
| orthostatic hypotension | sudden drop in blood pressure when you stand up ; dizziness, blurred vision, syncope |
| causes of orthostatic hypotension | elderly, vasodilator use, dehydration |
| carotid sinus syncope | slows pulse rate, decreases blood pressure |
| tussive syncope | caused by strong coughing, seen most in men with COPD, obesity. |
| dependent edema | soft tissue swelling from abnormal accumulation of fluid |
| bilateral peripheral edema | mostly occurs in ankles and lower legs |
| cause of bilateral peripheral edema | right or left heart failure, *right failure often caused by cor pulmonale |
| euthermia | fever, chills, night sweats 97-99.5 F |
| hyperthermia, pyrexia | fever; sustained, remittent, relapsing |
| causes of fever | hot environment, dehydration, drugs, infection |
| lung disease, high altitude headache causes | headache as a manifestation of cerebral hypoxia and hypercapnia |
| most common cause of snoring | obesity |
| clinical presentation of snoring | fatigue, daytime sleepiness |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux |
| GERD | heartburn and regurgitation |
| risk factors of GERD | OBESITY, cigarette smoking, pregnancy |
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