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PhysScienceCh9
Holt Physical Science Chapter 9: Work and Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compound machine | a machine made of more than 1 simple machine |
| efficiency | a quantity, usually a percentage, that measures the ratio of useful work output to total work output |
| kinetic energy | the energy of a moving object due to its motion |
| mechanical advantage | a quantity that measures how much a maching multiplies force or distance |
| mechanical energy | the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of objects in a mechanical system |
| potential energy | the stored energy resulting from the relative positions of objects in a system |
| power | a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done |
| simple machines | simple lever, pulley, wheel and axle, simple inclined plane, wedge, screw |
| work | a quantity that measures the effects of a force acting over a distance |
| calculating work | force x distance |
| work units | N x m = J (joules) |
| calculating power | work / time |
| power units | J / sec = W (watts) |
| calculating mechanical advantage | output force / input force = input distance / output distance |
| lever family | simple lever, pulley, wheel and axle |
| inclined plane family | simple inclined plane (ramp), wedge, screw |
| calculating potential energy | m x g x h (mass x gravity x height) |
| calculating kinetic energy | 1/2 x m x v x v (1/2 x mass x velocity squared) |
| chemical energy | energy from composition and position of atoms (type of potential energy) |
| electrical energy | energy from the flow of electrons |
| nuclear energy | energy from the splitting or combining of atoms |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed |
| closed system | a system in which very little energy is transferred in or out |
| open system | Energy is easily transferred in and out |
| calculating efficiency | useful work output / total work output |
| perpetual motion machine | a machine which would continue forever without further input of energy (theoretical) |
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