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1-200 Spring 08
Includes Brand Name, Generic Name, Therapeutic Class, and Mechanism of Action
| Question | Answer | Flap 3 |
|---|---|---|
| Lortab | hydrocodone and APAP/ Narcotic Analgesic | hydrocodone: opiod receptor agonist acetaminophen: analgesic effect unknown, affects hypothalamic heat regulating center (antipyretic) |
| Synthroid | levothyroxine/ thyroid hormone | levothyroxine (T4) replacement |
| Xanax | alprazolam/ antianxiety | benzodiazepine: binds to receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) |
| Micro-K, K-Dur, Klor-Con | potassium chloride/ potassium supplement | potassium supplement |
| Glucophage | metformin hydrochloride/ antidiabetic | main effect believed to be inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis (multiple MOAs suspected) |
| Zestril, Prinivil | lisinopril/ ace inhibitor | ACE-I (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) |
| Ultram | tramadol/ analgesic | binds to opioid receptor, and also inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine(NE) and seratonin (5-HT) |
| Lasix | furosemide/ diuretic | "loop diuretic": blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption from kidney tubules |
| Lipitor | atorvastatin/ antihyperlipidemic | inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) and increases hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors |
| Percocet | oxycodone and APAP/ narcotic analgesic | oxycodone: opioid receptor agonist acetaminophen: analgesic effect unknown; affects hypothalamic heat regulating center (antipyretic) |
| Tenormin | atenolol/ beta blocker | beta-1 receptor antagonist |
| Toprol XL | metoprolol succinate/ beta blocker | beta-1 selective receptor antagonist |
| Lopressor | metoprolol tartrate/ beta blocker | beta-1 receptor antagonist |
| HydroDiuril | hydrochlorothiazide/ diuretic | Diuretic effect: blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride from renal tubules Antihypertensive effect unknown |
| Coumadin | warfarin/ anticoagulant | inhibits vitamin K dependent clotting factors |
| Norvasc | amlodipine/ calcium channel blocker | dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker |
| Amoxil | amoxicillin/ antibiotic | beta lactam antibiotic; inhibits cell wall synthesis of mucopeptide |
| OxyContin | oxycodone/ narcotic analgesic | opioid receptor agonist |
| Zithromax | azithromycin/ antibiotic | macrolide antibiotic; inhibits microbial protein synthesis |
| Darvocet | propoxyphene and APAP/ narcotic analgesic | propoxyphene: binds to opioid receptor (like codeine, hydrocodone) |
| Zoloft | sertraline/ antidepressant | selective seratonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) |
| Zantac | ranitidine/ H2 antihistamine | Histamine-2 receptor antagonist |
| Zocor | simvastatin/ antihyperlipidemic | inhibits HMG-CoA and increases hepatic LDL receptors |
| Lexapro | escitalopram/ antidepressant | SSRI |
| Nexium | esomeprazole/ antisecretory | proton pump inhibitor (PPI) |
| Seroquel | quetiapine/ antipsychotic | Serotonin(5HT), dopamine(DA), histamine and alpha receptor blockers |
| Proventil | albuterol/ antiasthmatic/bronchodilator | beta-2 selective receptor agonist |
| Singulair | montelukast/ antiasthmatic | Leukotriene receptor antagonist |
| Plavix | clopidogrel/ platelet inhibitor | adenosine diphosphate(ADP) receptor antagonist |
| Deltasone | prednisone/ steroid/anti-inflammatory | inhibits phospholipase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes (mediators of inflammation) |
| Effexor | venlafaxine/ antidepressant | potentiates activity of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine |
| Elavil | amitriptyline/ antidepressant | increases 5HT and NE levels (prevents reuptake) |
| Ativan | lorazepam/ antianxiety | benzodiazepine: binds to receptors in the CNS |
| Neurontin | gabapentin/ antiepileptic | MOA unknown |
| Glucotrol | glipizide/ antidiabetic | Sulfonylurea: increases pancreatic insulin secretion |
| Naprosyn | naproxen/ NSAID | inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
| Wellbutrin | bupropion/ antidepressant | inhibits DA and NE uptake |
| Desyrel | trazodone/ antidepressant | MOA unknown; believed to increase serotonin levels |
| Prilosec | omeprazole/ antisecretory | PPI |
| Dyazide | triamterene and HCTZ/ diuretic | Triamterene: inhibits the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions in the renal tubule |
| Flexeril | cyclobenzaprine/ muscle relaxant | reduces motor activity in the brainstem |
| Duragesic | fentanyl transdermal system/ narcotic analgesic | opioid receptor agonist |
| Prozac | fluoxetine/ antidepressant | SSRI |
| Fosamax | alendronate/ osteoporosis agent | osteoclast inhibitor |
| Vasotec | enalapil/ ace inhibitor | ACE-I |
| Prevacid | lansoprazole/ antisecretory | PPI |
| Lantus | insulin glargine/ antidiabetic | binds to insulin receptor (24 hour insulin) |
| Prempro | conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate/ estrogen/progestin combination hormone | estrogen and progesterone receptor agonists, respectively |
| Lanoxin | digoxin/ cardiovascular | inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase |
| Valium | diazepam/ antianxiety | Benzodiazepine(BZD): same as Xanax |
| Keflex | cephalexin/ antibiotic | cephalosporin: inhibits cell wall synthesis |
| Paxil | paroxetine/ anti-depressant | SSRI |
| Reglan | metoclopramide/ anti-emetic | anti-emetic: inhibits DA receptors, which increases vomiting threshold GI motility stimulant: cholinergic activity becomes greater than that of dopamine, which increases smooth muscle response to ACh(Acetylcholine) and causes GI motility |
| Cardizem | diltiazem/ calcium channel blocker | Non-DHP calcium channel blocker |
| Ambien | zolpidem/ hyonotic | agonist of benzodiazepine gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA-A) subunit |
| Celexa | citalopram/ antidepressant | SSRI |
| Advair | fluticasone & salmeterol/ antiasthmatic | fluticasone: inhibits phospholipase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes salmeterol: beta-2 receptor agonist |
| Zestoretic, Prinzide | lisinopril & hydrochlorothiazide/ antihypertensive | lisinopril: ACE-I HCTZ: loop diuretic |
| Vytorin | simvastatin & ezetimibe/ antihyperlipidemic | simvastatin: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ezetimibe: cholesterol absorption inhibitor |
| Zyrtec | cetirizine/ antihistamine | H-1 receptor antagonist |
| Fioricet | APAP, butalbital & caffeine/ analgesic | butalbital: causes sensory depression by inhibiting conduction in areas of the brain caffeine: stimulates CNS by increasing levels of cAMP |
| Diflucan | fluconazole/ antifungal | inhibits fungal steroid production |
| Ortho-Tricyclen | norgestimate & ethinyl estradiol/ oral contraceptive | norgestimate: progesterone receptor agonist EE: estrogen receptor agonist |
| Depakote | divalproex/ antiepileptic & antipsychotic | MOA unknown (may increase brain GABA levels) |
| Adderall | amphetamine & dextroamphetamine/ CNS stimulant | sympathetic amine with effects similar to epinephrine |
| Celebrex | celecoxib/ NSAID | Cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor |
| Diovan | valsartan/ AT2 antagonist | angiotension-2 receptor blocker |
| Lotrel | amlodipine & benazepril/ antihypertensive | amlodipine: DHP calcium channel blocker benazepril: ACE-I |
| Allegra | fexofenadine/ antihistamine | H-1 receptor antagonist and inhibits histamine release |
| Klonopin | clonazepam/ antiepileptic | benzodiazepine: believed to enhance GABA activity |
| Augmentin | amoxicillin & clavulanate/ antibiotic | clavulanate(clavulanic acid): beta-lactamase inhibitor, which increases the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics |
| Cymbalta | duloxetine/ antidepressant | SSNRI: selective seratonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
| Risperdal | risperidone/ antipsychotic | MOA unknown (affects serotonin and DA receptors |
| Levaquin | levofloxacin/ antibiotic | Quinolone antibiotic: inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis |
| Aldactone | spironolactone/ diuretic | aldosterone antagonist at the distal convoluted renal tubule |
| Lyrica | pregabalin/ anticonvulsant | MOA unknown (may bind to alpha-2 delta receptors in the CNS |
| Zyloprim | allopurinol/ agent for gout | xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which decreases uric acid production |
| Protonix | pantoprazole/ antisecretory | PPI |
| Actos | pioglitazone/ antidiabetic | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonist |
| Dilantin Kapseals | extended phenytoin/ antiepileptic | enhances neuronal sodium efflux |
| Kenalog | triamcinolone acetonide topical/ corticosteroid | inhibits phospholipase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes |
| Motrin | ibuprofen/ NSAID | inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
| Altace | ramipril/ ACE-I | ACE-I |
| Coreg | carvedilol/ beta blocker | non-selective beta blocker (blocks B-1, B-2, and alpha-1 receptors) |
| Verelan | verapamil/ calcium channel blocker | non-DHP calcium channel blocker |
| Estrace | estradiol/ estrogen | estrogen receptor agonist |
| Catapres | clonidine/ antihypertensive | alpha-2 receptor agonist |
| Soma | carisoprodol/ muscle relaxant | MOA unknown (works centrally to produce muscle relaxation) |
| Zetia | ezetimibe/ antihyperlipidemic | cholesterol absorption inhibitor |
| Amaryl | glimepiride/ antidiabetic | sulfonylurea: increases pancreatic insulin release |
| Flomax | tamsulosin/ treats BPH | alpha-1 receptor antagonist |
| Diovan-HCT | valsartan & hydrocholorothiazide/ AT2 antagonist | valsartan: angiotensin receptor-2 blocker HCTZ: diuretic |
| Humalog | insulin lispro/ antidiabetic | binds to insulin receptor (ultra short-acting insulin) |
| Flonase | fluticasone/ nasal decongestant | inhibits phospholipase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes |
| Tylenol w/ Codeine | APAP & codeine phosphate/ analgesic | same as hydocodone |
| Aricept | donepezil/ antipsychotic | acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (Ach-I) |
| Mevacor | lovastatin/ antihyperlipidemic | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor |
| Accupril | quinapril/ ACE-I | ACE-I |
| Miralax | polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350/ laxative | osmotic agent (causes water to be retained in the stool) |
| MS Contin | morphine sulfate/ analgesic | opioid receptor agonist |
| Lotensin | benazepril/ ACE-I | ACE-I |
| phenobarbital | phenobarbital/ antiepileptic | produces sensory cortex depression |
| Cleocin | clindamycin/ antibiotic | suppresses bacterial protein synthesis |
| Theo-Dur | theophylline/ antiasthmatic, bronchodilator | couses endogenous epinephrine release, inhibits histamine release, and may prevent release of SRS-A (slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis) |
| Pravachol | pravastatin/ antihyperlipidemic | HMG-CoA enzyme reductase inhibitor |
| Lamictal | lamotrigine/ antiepileptic | MOA unknown. may block neuronal sodium channels |
| Voltaren | diclofenac/ NSAID | inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
| Spiriva | tiotropium/ antiasthmatic, bronchodilator | anticholinergic, causing airway smooth muscle relaxation |
| Cogentin | benztropine/ antiparkinson agent | blocks cholinergic histamine receptors |
| Mobic | meloxicam/ NSAID | cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (COX-2 inhibitor) |
| Strattera | atomoxetine/ treatment for ADHD | selective NE reuptake inhibitor |
| Yasmin | drospirenone & EE/ oral contraceptive | drospirenone: progesterone receptor agonist EE: estrogen receptor agonist |
| Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 | norethindrone and EE/ oral contraceptive | norethindrone: PRA EE: ERA |
| Hytrin | terazosin/ antihypertensive, BPH treatment | alpha-1 receptor agonist |
| Avapro | irbesartan/ ARB | angiotensin- 1 receptor blocker |
| Veetids | penicillin V potassium/ antibiotic | inhibits cell wall mucopeptide synthesis |
| Lopid | gemfibrozil/ antihyperlipidemic | increases activity of lipprotein lipase |
| Skelaxin | metaxalone/ muscle relaxant | MOA unknown |
| Inderal | propranolol/ beta blocker | beta blocker |
| Zovirax | acyclovir/ antiviral | inhibits viral DNA replication |
| Benicar-HCT | olmesartan and HCTZ/ antihypertensive | ARB and diuretic |
| Adipex-P | phentermine/ obesity management | sympathomimetic amine, CNS stimulation and elevation of blood pressure |
| Bactroban | mupirocin/ topical antibacterial | inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
| Aciphex | rabeprazole/ PPI | PPI |
| Pepcid | famotidine/ H2 antihistamine | H-2 receptor blocker |
| Imuran | azathioprine/ immunosuppressant | interferes with viral RNA and DNA precursors |
| Bentyl | dicyclomine/ anticholinergic | anticholinergic causing smooth muscle relaxation |
| Clozaril | clozapine/ antipsychotic | antagonist at anticholinergic, histaminergic, seratonergic, and adrenergic receptors. also blocks certain dopamine receptors |
| Biaxin | clarithromycin/ antibiotic | inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
| methadone | methadone/ analgesic | opioid receptor agonist |
| Provera | medroxyprogesterone/ progestin hormone | progesterone receptor agonist |
| Requip | ropinirole/ antiparkinson agent | dopamine agonist |
| Prempro | conjugated estrogens and progesterone/ estrogen, progestin combo | estrogen and progesterone receptor agonists |
| Lithobid | lithium carbonate/ antipsychotic | MOA unknown, may antagonize release of NE and DA or increase their reuptake |
| BuSpar | buspirone/ antianxiety | dopamine and serotonin agonist |
| Omnicef | cefdinir/ antibiotic | inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis |
| Lunesta | eszopiclone/ hypnotic | agonis of GABA receptors in the CNS |
| Relafen | nabumetone/ NSAID | inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
| Allegra-D | fexofenadine & pseudophed/ antiallergy | fexofenadine: H1 receptor antagonist and inhibits histamine release |
| Niaspan | niacin/ antihyperlipidemic | enhances lipoprotein lipase activity |
| Bumex | bumetanide/ diuretic | loop diuretic: blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption from kidney tubules |
| Demadex | torsemide/ diuretic | loop diuretic: blocks sodium and chloride reabsorption from kidney tubules |
| Lotrisone | clotrimazole & betamethasone/ topical antifungal | increases permeability of fungal cell wall |
| Lomotil | diphenoxylate & atropine/ antidiarrheal | diphenoxylate: binds to intestinal opiate receptors, decreases GI mobility atropine: added intentionally to prevent abuse or overdosage of the diphenoxylate (also an antimuscarinic which decreases GI motility) |
| lactulose | lactulose/ laxative | digested into lactic acid, which increases osmotic pressure. (causes water to be absorbed into the stool, and loosens stool) |
| Monopril | fosinopril/ ACE-I | ACE-I |
| Guaifenex PSE | guaifenesin & pseudoephedrine/ decongestant, expectorant | guaifenesin: thins bronchial secretions, lubricating irritated respiratory tract |
| Flovent | fluticasone/ antiasthmatic,steroid | inhibits phospholipase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes (mediators of inflammation) |
| Imitrex | sumatriptan/ antimigrainous agent | 5HT-1 receptor agonist |
| Antivert | meclizine/ antivertigo agent | antihistamine |
| Cozaar | losartan/ angiotensin II Blocker | ARB |
| Ditropan | oxybutynin/ anticholinergic | causes the smooth muscle of the bladder to relax |
| Detrol | tolteridine/ antimuscarinic | Muscarinic receptor antagonist |
| Combivent | ipratropium & albuterol/ antiasthmatic, bronchodilator | ipratropium: anticholinergic, which dilates bronchioles albuterol: beta-2 selective receptor agonist |
| Tricor | fenofibrate/ antihyperlipidemic | PPAR alpha agonist |
| Zyprexa | olanzapine/ anti-psychotic | MOA unknown: believed to antagonize effects of DA and 5HT |
| Crestor | rosuvastatin/ antihyperlipidemic | statin: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor |
| Remeron | mirtazapine/ antidepressant | Increases central NE and 5HT activity |
| Procardia | nifedipine/ CCB | Dihydropyridine CCB |
| Imdur | isosorbide mononitrate/ antianginal | organic nitrate, which causes arterial and venous dilation |
| Topamax | topiramate/ antiepileptic | MOA unknown: believed to potentiate effects of GABA |
| Actonel | risedronate/ osteoporosis agent | Inhibits osteoclasts |
| Atrovent | Ipratropium/ antiasthmatic, antiallergy | anticholinergic, which dilates bronchioles |
| Medrol | methylprednisone/ anti-inflammatory, steroid | Inhibits phospholipase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes (mediators of inflammation) |
| Tessalon Perles | benzonatate/ antitussive | suppresses cough by anesthetizing the stretch receptors in the respiratory tract |
| Ultracet | tramadol & acetaminophen/ analgesic | tramadol: binds to opioid receptor, and also inhibits reuptake of NE and 5HT |
| Sinequan | doxepin/ antidepressant | inhibits neuronal NE and 5HT reuptake |
| Ritalin | methylphenidate/ CNS stimulant | sympathetic amine with effects similar to epinephrine |
| Avandia | rosiglitazone/ antidiabetic | PPAR gamma agonist |
| Cipro | ciprofloxacin/ antibiotic | Quinolone antibiotic: inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis |
| Bactrim | sulfamethoxazole & trimethoprim/ antibiotic | sulfamethoxazole: inhibits production of dihydrofolic acid, which kills bacteria trimethoprim: interferes with the production of folic acid (bacteriocidal) |
| folic acid | folic acid/ vitamin | dietary supplement |
| Phenergan | promethazine/ antihistamine, antitussive | H1 receptor blocker |
| Macrobid(Macrodantin) | nitrofurantoin/ antibacterial | inhibits bacterial carbohydrate metabolism |
| Pyridium | phenazopyridine/ urinary tract analgesic | MOA unknown: exerts topical analgesic effect in the urinary tract |
| Hyzaar | losartan &HCTZ/ antihypertensive | losartan: ARB HCTZ: diabetic |
| Dilacor | diltiazem/ CCB | Non-dihydropyridine CCB |
| Vibramycin | doxycycline/ antibiotic | Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
| Capoten | Captopril/ ACE-I | ACE-I |
| Tegretol | carbamazepine/ antiepileptic | decreases responsiveness at neuronal synapses |
| Concerta | methylphenidate/ CNS stimulant | sympathetic amine with effects similar to epinephrine |
| Trileptal | oxcarbazepine/ antiepileptic | Inhibits neuronal sodium channel efflux |
| Evista | raloxifene/ osteoporosis agent | selective estrogen receptor modifier(SERM). Only binds to certain estrogen receptors |
| Glucovance | glyburide & metformin/ antidiabetic | sulfonylurea: increases pancreatic secretion of insulin metformin: inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis |
| Namenda | memantine/ antipsychotic | NMDA receptor antagonist |
| Cardura | doxazosin/ alpha blocker | Alpha-1 receptor blocker |
| Novolog | insulin aspart/ antidiabetic | binds to insulin receptor |
| Flagyl | metronidazole/ antibacterial, antiprotozoal | causes bacterial DNA strand to break |
| Nasonex | mometasone/ antiallergy | inhibits phospholipase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes (mediators of inflammation) |
| Restoril | temazepam/ hypnotic | benzodiazepine |
| Micronase | glyburide/ antidiabetic | sulfonylurea: increases pancreatic production |
| Xoponex | levalbuterol/ antiasthmatic, bronchodilator | beta-2 selective receptor agonist |
| Xalatan | latanoprost/ glaucoma agent | prostaglandin analogue |
| Benicar | olmesartan/ ARB | ARB |
| Alesse | levonorgestrel & EE/ oral contraceptive | levonorgestrel: binds to progesterone receptors EE: binds to estrogen receptors |
| Abilify | aripiprazole/ antipsychotic | partial DA and 5HT receptor agonist |
| Duoneb | ipratropium & albuterol/ antiasthmatic | see above for both |
| Armour Thyroid | dessicated thyroid | thyroid hormone replacement |
| nystatin | nystatin oral/ antifungal | Increases fungal cell membane permeability |
| Ziac | bisoprolol & HCTZ | bisoprolol: beta-1 receptor blocker HCTZ: diuretic |
Created by:
ashley3185
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