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PHM Term week 4
List
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Addison's Disease | Disorder caused by a decrease of adrenocortical hormones |
| Antinuclear antibody | Abnormal antibody that attacks the nucleus of normal cells in the body |
| Ataxia | Condition that causes the muscles to fail to function in a coordinated manner |
| Autoantibody | Abnormal antibody that attacks healthy cells abd tissue |
| Autocrine | Denoting a mode of hormone action in which a hormone binds to receptors and affects the function of the cell type that produced it |
| Autoimmune disease | Condition in which a person's tissues are attacked by his or her immune system |
| Bone mineral density | Measurement that is taken to determine the degree of bone loss |
| Catecholamines | Hormones made in the brainstem, nervous system and adrenal glands |
| Calcitonin | Thyroid hormone that helps regulate blood concentrations of calcium abd phosphate |
| Cretinism | Condition in which the development of the brain and body is inhibited by congenital lack of thyroid secretion |
| Cushing's disease | Syndrome caused by excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| Demyelination | Damage caused by recurrent inflammation of myelin that results in nervous system scars that interrupt communication between the nerves and the rest of the body |
| Dermatomyositis | Form of myositis that affects muscles and the skin |
| Diabetes mellitus | Chronic condition in which the body in unable to properly convert food into energy |
| Exophthalmos | Prominence of the eyeball caused by increased throid hormone |
| Glucose | Simple sugar |
| Goiter | Condition in which the thyroid gland is enlarged because of a lack of iodine, known as simple goiter, or because of a tumor, known as toxic goiter |
| Graves' Disease | Autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthroidism |
| Homeostasis | The equilibrium pertaining to the balance of the body with respect to fluid levels, pH level, and chemicals |
| Hormones | Chemical substances produced and secreted by an endocrine duct into the bloodstream of duct that result in a physiological response at a specific target tissue |
| Hypercalcemia | Unusually high concentration of calcium in the blood |
| Hyperglycemia | Elevated blood glucose levels |
| Hypocalcemia | Low concentration of calcium |
| Hypoglycemia | Decreased blood glucose levels |
| Interferons | Antiviral proteins that enhance t-cell recognition of antigens and produce immune system suppression |
| Multiple sclerosis | Autoimumune disease that causes progressive damage to nerves, resulting in spasticity, pain, mood changes and other physical symptoms |
| Myasthenia gravis | Autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction and is characterized by muscle weakness |
| Myelin | Fatty covering that insulates nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord |
| Myelin basic protein | Major component of myelin that can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of people with multiple sclerosis |
| Myositis | Autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the muscles |
| Myxedema | Condition associated with a decrease in overall thyroid function in adults; also known as hypothryroidism |
| Neuroblastomas | Tumors of the neural crest |
| Osteoblasts | Cells responsible for bone formation, deposition, aqnd mineralization of the collagen matrix of bone |
| Osteoclasts | Cells responsible for bone resorption |
| Osteolysis | Dissolution or degradation of bone |
| Osteopenia | Decrease in bone mineral density that is the precursor osteoporosis |
| Osteoporosis | Loss of bone mass that occurs throughout the skeletons, predisposing patients to fractures |
| Paget's disease | Condtion that affects older adults in which the density of the bones decrease, resulting in softening and weakening |
| Paracrine | Denoting a type of hormone function in which hormone synthesized in and released from endocrine cells binds to it's receptor |
| Pheochromocytoms | Tumors of the adrenal gland that produce excess adrenaline |
| Plaques | Patchy areas of inflammation and demyelination that disrupt nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body |
| Polymyositis | Form of myositis that affects multiple muscles, particularly the muscles closest to the trunk |
| Remodeling | Process of continual turnover of bone |
| Resorption | Process where bone is broken down into mineral ions |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the joints |
| Rheumatoid factor | Immunoblobulin that is present in many people who have rheumatoid arthritis |
| Simmond's disease | A pituitary disorder that is a form of hypopituarism in which all pituitary secretions are deficient |
| Spermatogenesis | The process of producing sperm with half the number of chromosomes |
| Synovium | Thin layer of tissue that lines the joint space |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | Autoimmune disease that affects nearly all body systems |
| Thyroxine | Thyroid hormone derived from tyrosine |
| Triiodothyronine | Thyroid hormone that helps regulate growth and development |
| Tumor necrosis | Inflammatory cytokine released as part of the immune response and found in synovial fluid of people with reumatoid arthritis |
| Trigger | Something that stimulates the onset of symptoms or disease in people |
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