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A&P
SKELETON SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the Functions of bones: | support movement protection Calcium storage Red & white blood cells synthesis |
| What is Hemoposis? | formation of blood. |
| what is a compact bone? | dense hard bone tissue found in the shaft of long bones. |
| what is a spongy/cancellous bone? | less dense tissue found at the end of long bones. |
| what is a diaphysis? | long shaft of the bone that is composed of compact bone and provides strength. |
| Described the epiphysis? | enlarged end of long bone that articulate or meet with the second bone at the joint, |
| what is a epiphyseal disc/growth plate? | growing long bones that contains a band of hyaline cartilage. |
| Where is the epiphyseal disc/growth plate located? | near proximal and distal end of long bones. |
| what is the medullary cavity? | hollow center of the diaphysis. |
| Described the medullary cavity in infant? | Cavity is filled with red bone marrow for blood cell production. |
| Described the medullary cavity in adult? | Filled with yellow bone marrow and functions as a storage site for fat. |
| what is the function of a endosteum? | lined inside of the medullary cavity. |
| Define periosteum? | toucgh fibrous CT membrane that covers the outside of the diaphysis. |
| what is the function of the periosteum? | protects bones, serves as attachment for muscle and contains blood vessels. |
| Described a articular cartilage? | the outer surface of the epiphysis, forms smooth shiny surface that decreases friction within a joint. |
| what is bone marrow? | flexible tissue inside blood. |
| what is ossification? | process of bone formation. |
| Decribed ossification? | begins at late embryonic period with formation of fibrous CT and hyaline cartilae that shapes like mini skeleton. |
| Described intramebranous ossification? | In fetus consist of CT membranes,begins when osteoblasts migrate to the region of the flat bones. |
| Described endochondral ossification? | in long bones the bone tissue replaces cartilage. ( happens when fetal replaces cartilage into bone tissue). |
| what are growing bones?g | the maturation from infancy to adulthood. |
| Described growing taller? | longitudial bone growth occurs at the epiphyseal disc then multiply to the diaphysis. |
| Described growing thicker and wider? | Bones continue to increase in thickness and width, and constantly being reshape. |
| what is bone resorption? | process whereby osteoclast break down the bone matrix. |
| what is articulation? | site where two bones meet. |
| Define immovable joints? | permits no movement. |
| Define slightly movable joints? | permits and limit movements. |
| Define freely movable joints? | provides more flexibility and movements. |
| what is a articular cartilage? | articulating surface of each bones. |
| what is a joint capsule? | fibrous CT that encloses the joint. |
| what is the function of a synovial membrane? | lines joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid into the joint cavity. |
| Define Bursae? | small sacs of synovial fluid between the joint and tendons that crosses over the joint. |
| what is the function of a supporting ligament? | surrounds joint and join the articulating bones together, and also stabilize the joint. |
| Humerus (long bone) | Armbone. |
| Radius (lateral long bone) | forearm bone. |
| Ulna ( medial long bone) | Forearm bone. |
| metacarpals (long bone) | palm bones. |
| Phalanes (long bone) | fingers and toes. |
| Femur (long bone) | tight bone. |
| Fibula (lateral long bone) | leg bone. |
| Tibia (medial long bone) | leg bone. |
| metatarsals (long bone) | sole. |
| Carpal (short bone) | wrist. |
| Tarsal (short bone) | Ankle. |
| Vertebrae (irregular bone) | back bone. |
| Skull bones (irregular bone) | ethmoid and sphenoid. |
| maxilla (irregular bone) | upper jaw. |
| mandible (irregular bone) | lower jaw. |
| scapula (flat bone) | shoulder blade. |
| cavicle (flat bone) | colar bone. |
| Frontal Bone (flat bone) | front of skull. |
| parietal bone 2 pairs (flat bone) | wall of skull. |
| fossa | depression in a bone. |
| sinus | cavity in a bone. |
| foramen | hole in a bone. |
| foramen magnum | hole in the base of the skull. |
| meatus | tube in the bone. |
| condyle | large smooth curved surface on the distal end of a femur. |
| Process | prominent projection on a bone. |
| fontanels | soft spot in infants skull. |
| vertebral column | backbone that extends from the skull to the pelvis. (consists of 26 bones) |
| Vertebral foramen | opening for the spinal cord, and forms spinal canal. |
| Atlas (C1) | 1st cervical vertebra. |
| Axia (C2) | 2nd cervical vertebra. |
| Cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 upper set of backbone. |
| Thoraic vertebrae | T1-T12 middle set of back bone. |
| Lumbar vertebrae. | L1-L5 lower back bone |
| Sacrum | sacral curve. |
| coccyx | tailbone. |
| Scoliosis | lateral curvature involves throaic vertebrae. |
| Lordosis | sway back/ lumbar curvature. |
| kyphosis | hunch bank/ exaggerated thoraic curved. |
| Ribs | 1-6 true ribs 7-10 false ribs 11-12 floating ribs. |
| intercostal muscle | located between ribs. |
| costal margin | edges of the cartilage that form an angle as they converge near the xiphiod process. |
| coxal bone | hip bone |
| pelvic girdle | composed of 2 coxal bones that articulate qith each other. |
Created by:
sviren26
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