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Nur210 Infection
Pharmacology infection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are lines of defense against infection? | Individual immunity - heredity Nutrition Anatomical - good barriers (skin, mucus membranes, cilia) Biochemical - acidic environment (stomach) Mechanical - coughing, sneezing Immune system status |
| What types of WBCs are there? | Neutrophils - first responders Eosinophils - allergies Basophils - healing Lymphocytes - late (weeks) Monocytes - chronic (months) |
| What are local signs of an inflammatory reaction? | Redness, swelling, warmth, pain |
| What are systemic signs of inflammation? | Leukocytes - high WBC count General malaise and fatigue Fever Confusion in older adult Enlarged lymph nodes |
| What are some causes of nosocomial infections? | Invasive procedures Antibiotic administration Exposure to multi-drug resistant organisms Failure to follow standard precautions Heredity Nutritional deficiencies |
| What are some nursing interventions for infection? | Monitor temperature, vital signs, color, WBC count, LOC, energy level Actions - wash hands, standard precautions, surgical asepsis, immunizations Teaching - immunizations/infection |
| What needs to be considered in selection of antibiotics? | Identify organism (C & S) Drug sensitivity of organism - MIC Host factors - look at patient; don't use a med that is excreted by kidney on someone with kidney issues Allergy Penetration to site of infection |
| What are nursing implications of antibiotic therapy? | Baseline assessment Monitoring therapy Nursing actions Patient education - take on empty stomach |
| What are properties of "cillins?" | Bacteriocidal Weaken the cell wall Prone to bacterial resistance Some are narrow spectrum, some are broad spectrum |
| What are some "cillin" nursing interventions? | Monitor for allergic reactions Take on empty stomach Avoid foods that have a lot of acid Complete course of antibiotics Can give to people with meningitis - crosses BBB |
| What are the types of penicillin allergies? | Immediate (2-30 minutes) Accelerated (1-72 hours) Late (days or weeks) Interventions - stop the treatment, provide respiratory support, give antihistamine (Benadryl) |
| What are some properties of cephalosporins? | Penicillin's cousin Bactericidal Beta-lactam antibiotic Grouped in 4 generations |
| What are ADRs of cephalosporins? | Allergy similar to penicillins Bleeding Thrombophlebitis Most are given IV because they don't absorb well from stomach Do not give IM - painful |
| What are properties of aminoglycosides? | Narrow spectrum antibiotic Bactericidal - disrupt protein synthesis Used against aerobic gram-negative bacilli (E. coli and Pseudomonas) Tobramycin and Gentamycin |
| What are ADRs of aminoglycosides? | Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Not absorbed well via GI tract, so given IV Very narrow spectrum - need to do peaks and troughs |
| What are properties of sulfonamides and trimethoprim (Bactrim)? | Given for UTIs, CA-MRSA Broad spectrum antibiotic Bacteriostatic Inhibits folic acid |
| What are ADRs of sulfonamides and trimethoprim? | Hypersensitivity - photosensitive Blood dyscrasias - bleeding disorders Rash |
| What are properties of tetracyclines? | Broad spectrum Bacteriostatic Take on empty stomach Cannot take with milk; will bind with Ca2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Al3+, Zn2+, and not be absorbed at all |
| What are ADRs of tetracyclines? | Photosensitivity Stain teeth (yellow or brown) |
| What are properties of Macrolides? | Type of tetracycline Erythromycin Viaxin Z-pack Broad spectrum Bacteriostatic Use if allergic to penicillin |
| What are ADRs of erythromycin? | GI - causes nausea and vomiting Do not use if you have a liver problem |
Created by:
ssbourbon
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