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ThinkPsychology CH08
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Memory | the brain's system for filing away new information and retrieving previously learned data |
| Sensory memory | a type of memory lasting no more than a few seconds in which the impression of a sensory stimulus is stored |
| Types of memory | Sensory, working and Long-Term |
| Working memory | a type of memory in which information for shortterm use is stored |
| Long-term memory | a type of memory in which information that can last a lifetime is stored |
| Encoding | the process by which sensory information is converted into a form that can be stored |
| Storage | the process by which encoded information is placed into memory |
| Retrieval | the process by which previously stored information is moved from long-term memory to working memory |
| Forgetting | the inability to retrieve information that has been previously stored |
| Sensory register | the parts of the brain that make up sensory memory |
| Attention | the act of applying the mind to a sense or thought3 |
| Conscious encoding | a process of encoding that involves paying specific attention to the information to be remembered |
| Unconscious encoding | a process of encoding that does not involve any deliberate thought or action |
| Visual encoding | the process of encoding images |
| Auditory encoding | the process of encoding sounds |
| Semantic encoding | the process of encoding meaning |
| Chunking | the process of organizing large pieces of information into smaller pieces, or chunks |
| Rote rehearsal | the process of repeating information, either out loud or silently, with the intent of learning that information |
| Pseudoforgetting | a type of encoding interference in which information is never actually stored because of some kind of attention interference |
| Cued forgetting | a type of forgetting in which a person is specifically told to forget certain information |
| Explicit memories | memories of which a person is consciously aware |
| Implicit memories | memories of which a person is not consciously aware |
| Semantic | containing factual and conceptual information that is not directly linked to life events |
| Episodic memories | memories in which a person remembers an entire sequence of events |
| Priming | the process of activating associations in memory just before starting a certain task |
| Procedural memory | a type of implicit memory consisting of habits and skills people perform |
| Conditioning | a process in which an implicit memory forms because of repeated exposure to a certain stimulus that causes a reaction in a person |
| Habituation | a process in which repeated exposure to a stimulus reduces the response to that stimulus |
| Extinction | the diminishing of a conditioned response, most often through the removal of the reinforcement associated with the response |
| Flashbulb memories | memories that are immediately stored in long term memory and that are caused by emotional events |
| Elaborative rehearsal | a process in which a person gives meaning to information for the purpose of storing that information in long-term memory |
| Mnemonics | memory aids that give rhyme and reason to lists or other pieces of information |
| Hypervigilance | a state in which a person's "fight or flight" response is fully activated |
| Retrograde amnesia | memory loss characterized by the loss of past memories |
| Anterograde amnesia | memory loss characterized by an ability to form new long-tem memories. |
| Source amnesia | a phenomenon in which a person remembers information but forgets or misremembers where that information came from |
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vjambriz
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