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Basic Electricity
Important terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | Composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Proton | Positively charged atomic particle |
| Electron | Negatively charged atomic particle |
| Valence Shell | The outermost ring of electrons |
| Electricity | Movement of electrons between atoms |
| EMF | Electromotive Force |
| Voltage | A push or pull needed to move electrons out of their orbit, electrical pressure |
| Voltage Drop | A loss of electrical pressure across a designed or accidental load |
| Available Voltage | The electrical pressure that reaches a point in a circuit |
| Volt | Unit of measurement for electrical pressure |
| Resistance | Opposition or obstruction to electrical flow |
| Ohm | Unit of measurement for electrical opposition |
| Current | Movement of electrons through a complete circuit, electrical flow |
| Ampere | Unit of measurement for electrical flow |
| Series Circuit | A circuit with only one path for current |
| Parallel Circuits | Multiple paths sharing a common power and ground |
| DC | Direct Current - A current that only flows in one direction |
| AC | Alternating Current - A current that changes direction from positive to negative |
| Conventional Theory | An electrical flow convention that states charges flow from positive to negative |
| Electron Theory | An electrical flow convention that states charges flow from negative to positive |
| KCL | Kirchhoff's Current Law states that all current entering a point must leave that point |
| KVL | Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that all of the voltage drops in a closed path add to equal the source voltage |
| Circuit | Path for electrical flow |
| Ohm’s Law | The law governing the relationship between volts, ohms, and amps |
| Watt | Electrical unit of power |
| Load | Resistance (lamp, motor, etc.) in a circuit where work is done |