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ThinkPsychology
CH5&6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sensory system | is the part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. |
| Sensation | describes the process through which we detect physical energy from the environment and code that energy as neural signals. |
| Perception | the way a person selects, organizes, and interprets sensory information |
| Absolute threshold | is the smallest amount of energy needed for a person to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time. |
| Difference threshold or just noticeable differences (jnd) | is the medium difference between two stimuli deeds to detect the difference 50 percent of the time. |
| Receptor cell | a specialized cell that responds to a particular type of energy |
| Sensory neuron | a neuron that carries information from the sensory receptors to the brain as a coded signal |
| Transduction | a process through which physical energy such as light or sound is converted into an electrical charge |
| Sensory adaptation | a process in which sensory receptor cells become less responsive to an unchanging stimulus |
| Parallel processing | the process of doing several things at the same time |
| Inattentional blindness | the failure to perceive a given stimulus |
| Change blindness | the failure to detect drastic visual changes in a scene |
| Cocktail party effect | a phenomenon in which selective attention allows a person to concentrate on one voice and ignore many others3 |
| Pop-out stimulus | a stimulus that is important or interesting to a person |
| Multitasking | the act of juggling independent sensory inputs |
| Perceptual adaptation | a process in which a person adjusts to changes in the environment by adjusting sensory input |
| Consciousness | a person's awareness of himself or herself and his or her environment |
| Nonconscious activity | a process that occurs in the body that people do not have to consciously monitor or regulate |
| Preconscious information | information that is usually outside a person's awareness but is able to be brought into consciousness on demand |
| Unconscious information | experiences, ideas, and motives that are so threatening or unacceptable that a person has permanently removed them from his or her consciousness |
| Cognitive unconscious | a collection of mental processes that affect the way a person feels or behaves, even though he or she is not consciously aware of them |
| Beta wave | a type of brain wave that characterizes active wakefulness |
| Alpha wave | a type of wave that characterizes a relaxed state of wakefulness. |
| Theta wave | a type of brain wave that characterizes the first stage of sleep |
| Hypnagogia | a period of transition between wakefulness and sleep that typifies stage 1 |
| K-complex | a biphasic wave form that occurs spontaneously during sleep |
| Sleep spindle | a burst of fast, sharply pointed brain waves |
| Rapid eye movement (REM)sleep | a recurring stage of sleep during which vivid dreams usually occur |
| Delta wave | a type of brain wave with a high amplitude that characterizes stage 3 |
| Dream | a sequence of images, feelings, ideas, and impressions that pass through people's minds as they sleep |
| Manifest content | what a person explicitly remembers about a dream-its storyline, characters, and details |
| Lucid dreaming | a phenomenon in which a person achieves an awareness of a dream as a dream while dreaming |
| Latent content | the unconscious meaning of a dream |
| Activation-synthesis theory | a theory that explains sleep as a side effect of the visual and motor area neurons firing during REM sleep It states that dreams are the result of the brain’s attempt to make sense of the random neural activity that occurs while a person sleeps. |
| Hypnosis | an exercise in suggestion during which one person makes suggestions to another person regarding the perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors that the subject can expect to experience |
| Meditation | an altered state of consciousness that aims to enhance self-knowledge and well-being through an extreme sense of relaxation |
Created by:
vjambriz
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