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Behavior-Chapter 5
Introduction to Learning and Behavior-Chapter 5 Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Aversion therapy | A form of behavior therapy that attempts to reduce the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an aversive stimulus |
Compensatory-response model | A model of classical conditioning that proposes that the compensatory after-reactions to a US may come to be elicited by a CS |
Counterconditioning | The procedure whereby a CS that elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response |
Flooding therapy | A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, thereby providing maximal opportunity for the conditioned fear response to extinguish |
Incubation | The strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of brief exposures to the aversive CS |
Overexpectation effect | The decrease in the conditioned response that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the US |
Preparatory-response theory | A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US |
Preparedness | The genetically based tendency to learn certain kinds of associations more easily than others |
Reciprocal inhibition | The process whereby certain responses are incompatible with each other and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits the other |
Rescorla-Wagner theory | A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that a given US can support only so much conditioning and that this amount of conditioning must be distributed among the various CSs available |
Selective sensitization | An increase in one's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event |
S-R (stimulus-response) model | As applied to classical conditioning, a model that assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the UR and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the UR |
S-S (stimulus-stimulus) model | A model of classical conditioning that assumes that the NS becomes directly associated with the US and therefore comes to elicit a response that is related to that US |
Stimulus-substitution theory | A theory of classical conditioning that proposes that the CS acts as a substitute for the US |
Systematic Desensitization | A behavioral treatment for phobias that involves pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear |
Temperament | An individual's base level of emotionality and reactivity to stimulation that, to a large extent, is genetically determined |