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Pharm Exam 1 for Wed
WSU DPT Pharmacology Exam 1 - everything
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Ends in "azosin" | A1 blockers | HTN, BPH |
| Ends in "olol" | B1 blockers | HTN (don't allow for incr HR and force of contraction) |
| Ends in "pril" | ACE-inhibitors | inhibit conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 (a vasoconstrictor that inhibits bradykinin) |
| Ends in "pine" | Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) | HTN; inhibit Ca entrance into smooth muscles surrounding blood vessels (vasodilators); also good for Raynaud's Disease |
| Ends in "artan" | Angiotensin2 Receptor Blockers (ARBs) | HTN, work similarly to ACE-Is |
| Ends in "ide" | Loop Diuretics | fluid management, HTN. Know furosemide; will need K+ supplement |
| Ends in "zide" | Thiazide Diuretics | Vasodilator: Chronic HTN, mild to moderate edema; mild diuretic |
| Ends in "mine" | Cholinesterase Inhibitors | Stops AChE from shutting off ACh (resulting in an increase) |
| Ends in "statin" | Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) | to lower cholesterol (decrease LDLs and increase HDLs); M/M - CV death, stroke; Atorvastatin - decr LDL by 60%; Pleotropic: plaque stability, inflammation, thrombosis |
| Ends in "glitinide" | Meglitinides | hypoglycemic, similar to sulfonylurias |
| Ends in "gliptin" | DPP4 inhibitors | hypoglycemic (diabetes) |
| Ends in "zone" | Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) | hypoglycemic (diabetes) |
| Ends in "tide" | GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (exenatide) | hypoglycemic (diabetes) |
| Ends in "xacin" | Fluoroquine (FQs) | antibiotics |
| Contains "grel" | ADP inhibitors | |
| Contains "fibr" | Fibrates | hypercholesterolemia; improved M/M but not as strong as statins. Can incr risk of myopathy when taken with statins; good for decr Tg with statins |
| starts with "gl", ends with "ide" | Sulfonylureas | hypoglycemic (diabetes) |
| New Oral Anticoagulants | dabigatran, rivaroxaban | -different than Warfarin: more expensive, don't interact with Vitamin K |
| Diabetes Prevention | Antiplatelet drugs, ACE, ARB, statins, antihypertensives | |
| Increase BG | B-Blockers, corticosteroids, oral decongestants, antipsychotics | |
| Nitrates | Venous dilators | Angina, CHF |
| SL Nitroglycerin | Acute angina | |
| Negative inotropes | B-Blockers, Cardiac CCBs (verapamil, diltiazem) | Cardiac CCBs: atrial fibrilation, tachycardia |
| Na+ and water retention | NSAIDs, COX 2-Inhibitors, corticosteroids | |
| Albuterol | corticosteroid | |
| Carvedilol | B1, B2, A1 blocker | HTN, heart failure |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors (MG) | Muscarinic Agonists (indirect acting),(incr ACh levels), Myasthenia gravis | edrophonium, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, physostigmine |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors (AD) | Muscarinic Agonists (indirect acting),(incr ACh levels), Alzheimer's Dementia | donepezil, rivastigmine galantamine |
| Anticholinergic Side Effects | Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, | CNS: memory loss, confusion, restlessness, agitation, hallucination, delirium |
| atropine (4) | Muscarinic Antagonist | Antidote for anticholinergic agonists, Antispasmodic and antidiarrheal, Cardiac arrest/"code blue", Opthalmic-mydriatic (eye exams/surgery) |
| scopolomine | Muscarinic Antagonist | Anti-motion sickness |
| hyoscyamine | Muscarinic Antagonist | GI spasms, irritable bowel, spastic bladder |
| bethanecol | Muscarinic Agonist (direct acting) | Binds directly to ACh receptors -atonic bladder & urinary retention -increases GI motility |
| Drugs that worsen HTN | corticosteroids, NSAIDs/COX 2-inhibitors, contraceptives, oral decongestants, nicotine, herbals | |
| Drugs that treat HTN | A2 agonists, A1 blockers, B blockers (selective and nonselective, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, CCBs (2), diuretics (3) | |
| Clonidine | A2 agonist | decrease release of norepinephrine |
| Acebutolol | B1-blocker | can cause Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity (ISA). Rarely used. No M/M benefits |
| Gout | Excessive levels of uric acid | caused by diuretics (loop, thiazide) |
| Ends in "one" | Potassium sparing diuretics (Aldosterone Blockers) | only increase urine production 2% (like ACE and ARB), HTN, prevention of Hypokalemia, management of HF |
| Potassium | intracellular, regulates cell membrane, action potential | Hyper/Hypokalemia: muscle weakness, cramps, paresthesias, hypotension, ECG changes, bradycardia, AV block, heart may stop |
| Orthostatic Hypotension | dizziness or fainting from seating or lying position from blood pooling in perifery; all BP drugs can cause | Midodrine: A1 agonist (vasoconstrictor); Fludrocortisone: mineralocorticoid that incr salt/fluid retention. Strengthen calf muscles, wear compression stockings |
| Digoxin | Congestive Heart Failure: positive inotrope; does not improve survival | blocks Na/K pump to keep Ca in cells to make ventricle stronger; works for A Fib too |
| Hydralazine | arterial dilator | CHF |
| Spironolactone | Aldosterone blocker, blocks RAAS, decr mortality | CHF |
| Aspirin (ASA) | Antiplatelet | NSAID; low dose better than high (high inhibits another natural antiplatelet in body) |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis treatment | Heparins and ICDs (intermittent pneumonic compression devices) | |
| Signs of PE | chest pain, breathlessness, apprehension (doom), fever, cough | |
| heparin: enoxaparin (LMWH) | anticoagulant: binds to antithrombin and then to clotting factors Xa to stop coagulation; must monitor aPTT | prophylaxis of VTE (DVT, PE, ACS, ischemic stroke); does not dissolve clot |
| Antiplatelets | Aspirin, Aggrenox, ADP inhibitors | |
| Anticoagulants | Heparins, Warfarin (Coumadin) | |
| Warfarin (Coumadin) - oral | Anticoagulant: blocks Vitamin K in liver from helping produce clotting factors. Better for longterm than heparins | Antidote is Vitamin K injection; *NSAIDs, herbals are contraindicated; monitored with PT INR; S/S: blood in urine and stool - lots of blood |
| Cholesterol Drugs | statins, niacin, fibrates, bile acid-binding resins, Ezetimide | |
| Niacin (nicotinic acid) | cholesterol | improve M/M, bad ADRs, flushing, muscle myopathy |
| Hyperglycemia | 90% deaths for diabetics | Microvascular complications (blindness, kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, gastroparesis). Macrovascular complications (HTN, heart disease, ischemic stroke, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease) |
| Biguanides | Oral Hypoglycemic: Metformin | Type 2 diabetes, reduces M/M |
| alpha-glucosidase | stop sugar from entering bloodstream | hypoglycemic (diabetes). Taken with first bite of food; lots of side effects (GI) |
| Insulin | Very Rapid: Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), Glulisine (Apidra); Rapid: Regular; Intermediate: NPH, Basal: Determir, Glargine | |
| DKA (Impending diabetic ketoacidosis) | ketones in urine, affects acidity in blood, pH and electrolytes out of whack |
Created by:
johndbabb25
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