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Hypnotics

USMLE Step 1

DrugMOA & ADRs
Barbiturates MOA - Na/K transport system of cell membranes,this increases GABA & Cl entry,- mesencephalic reticular system
Barbiturates ADRs contra w/ acute intermittent porphyria,drowsiness,decreased conc,physically sluggish,drug hangover,severe w/drawl sxs,decreased chemoreceptor responsiveness to CO2, high doses cause hypoxia,anesthesia,coma & death, abrupt w/drawl cause delirium & seizures
Phenobarbital MOA: long-acting barbiturate (1-2 dys) used 4 long term seizure disorder control, status epilepticus & eclampsia, drug of choice for children w/ recurrent febrile seizures (along w/ antipyretics), rarely used as a hypnotic
Thiopental MOA: IV administered barbiturate, short acting (20 mins) used for anesthesia
Chloral hydrate MOA: trichlorinated derivative of acetaldehyde converted to trichloroEtOH in body, induces sleep in 30 mins for 6 hrs; ADRs: very unpleasant taste
Meprobamate MOA: non-barbiturate carbamate derivative w/ tranquilizing, muscle relaxant & anti-convulant actions
Zolpidem MOA: binds w/ high affinity to the α-1 containing GABA-A receptors, used for short-term tx of insomnia; ADRs: nightmares, agitation, headache, GI upset, dizziness, daytime drowsiness
Zaleplon MOA:binds selectively 2 brain omega-1 receptor situated on alpha subunit of the GABA-A receptor complex,4 short-term tx of insomnia;ADRs:memory impairment,sedative/psychomotor effects,w/drawal emergent anxiety & insomnia,abnml thinking & behavior changes
Created by: jerrica_08
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