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Behavior-Chapter 3
Introduction to Learning and Behavior-Chapter 3 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Appetitive conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that is usually considered pleasant and than an organism seeks out |
| Aversive conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the US is an event that is usually considered unpleasant and that an organism avoids |
| Backward conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS follows the onset of the US |
| Classical conditioning | A process whereby one stimulus that does not elicit a certain response is associated with a second stimulus that does; as a result, the first stimulus also comes to elicit a response |
| Conditioned response (CR) | The response, often similar to the unconditioned response, that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus |
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) | The stimulus that, although initially neutral, comes to elicit a response because it has been associated with an unconditioned stimulus |
| Delayed conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS precedes the onset of the US, and the two stimuli overlap |
| Dishabituation | The reappearance of a habituated response following the presentation of a seemingly irrelevant novel stimulus |
| Excitatory conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the presentation of a US |
| Fixed action pattern | A fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus |
| Flexion response | The automatic response of jerking one's hand or foot away from a hot or sharp object |
| Habituation | A decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus |
| Inhibitory conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the NS is associated with the absence or removal of a US |
| Opponent-process theory | A theory that proposes that an emotional event elicits two competing processes: (1) an a-process directly elicited by the event, and (2) a b-process that is elicited by the a-process and serves to counteract the a-process |
| Orienting response | The automatic positioning of oneself to facilitate attending to a stimulus |
| Reflex arc | A neural structure that underlies many refleces and consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron |
| Reflex | A relatively simple, involuntary response to a stimulus |
| Sensitization | An increase in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus |
| Sign stimulus (or releaser) | A specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern |
| Simultaneous conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the onset of the NS and the onset of the US are simultaneous |
| Startle response | A defensive reaction to a sudden, enexpected stimulus which involves automatic tightening of skeletal muscles and various hormonal and visceral changes |
| Trace conditioning | Conditioning procedure in which the onset and offset of the NS precede the onset of the US |
| Unconditioned response (UR) | The response that is naturally elicited by the unconditioned stimulus |
| Unconditioned stimulus (US) | A stimulus that naturally elicits a response |
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dkbjornn
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